Differential predation on the two colour morphs of Nicaraguan Crater lake Midas cichlid fish: implications for the maintenance of its gold-dark polymorphism

Differential predation on the two colour morphs of Nicaraguan Crater lake Midas cichlid fish: implications for the maintenance of its gold-dark polymorphism
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对尼加拉瓜火山口湖米达斯丽鱼的两种颜色形态的差异捕食:对其金暗多态性维持的影响

DOI:
10.1111/bij.12271
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
1.9
通讯作者:
A. Meyer
A. Meyer
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Torres-Dowdall;Machado-Schiaffino;Kusche;A. Meyer

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捕食在猎物颜色多态性的进化和维持中起着重要的作用。已知有几个因素会影响捕食者的选择,包括猎物的相对丰度和显著性。在多态性猎物物种中,捕食者通常针对最常见或最明显的变体。为了测试捕食者的选择是否可以解释为什么在迈达斯慈鲷鱼更明显的(金)形态也比不显眼的黑暗形态更罕见,我们进行了捕食实验,使用两种不同颜色的蜡模型在马丘比丘火山口湖。与预期相反,我们观察到一个整体更高的攻击率更丰富,但不太明显的黑暗模式,并提出频率依赖性捕食作为一个潜在的解释这一结果。有趣的是,不同类型的捕食者的攻击率不同。虽然鸟类捕食者偏向于丰富和色彩较少的黑暗形态,鱼类捕食者没有表现出强烈的偏见。然而,鱼类捕食者的相对攻击率似乎随着水的透明度而变化,因为黄金模型的攻击率随着水的透明度下降而上升。不同形态的相对差异捕食率可能会影响这两种颜色形态的相对丰度,从而解释了维护的颜色多态性。© 2014伦敦林奈学会,林奈学会生物学杂志,2014,112,123-131。
Predation can play an important role in the evolution and maintenance of prey colour polymorphisms. Several factors are known to affect predator choice, including the prey's relative abundance and conspicuousness. In polymorphic prey species, predators often target the most common or most visible morphs. To test if predator choice can explain why in Midas cichlid fish the more visible (gold) morph is also more rare than the inconspicuous dark morph, we conducted predation experiments using two differently coloured wax models in Nicaraguan crater lakes. Contrary to expectations, we observed an overall higher attack rate on the much more abundant, yet less conspicuous dark models, and propose frequency-dependent predation as a potential explanation for this result. Interestingly, the attack rate differed between different types of predators. While avian predators were biased towards the abundant and less colourful dark morphs, fish predators did not show a strong bias. However, the relative attack rate of fish predators seemed to vary with the clarity of the water, as attack rates on gold models went up as water clarity decreased. The relative differential predation rates on different morphs might impact the relative abundance of both colour morphs and thus explain the maintenance of the colour polymorphism. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London,Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2014,112, 123–131.
多色 Midas Cichlid Cichlasoma citrinellum 颜色变形之间的竞争
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