Sex differences in anxiety and depression in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Investigating genetic liability and comorbidity.
Sex differences in anxiety and depression in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Investigating genetic liability and comorbidity.
复制标题
注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童焦虑和抑郁的性别差异：调查遗传倾向和合并症。
DOI：
10.1002/ajmg.b.32842
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Martin J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Martin J
目前还不清楚为什么注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）在男性中更常见，而焦虑和抑郁症则显示女性人口过剩。我们检验了焦虑和抑郁风险等位基因在男性中表现为ADHD的假设。我们还测试了ADHD儿童的焦虑和抑郁是否表现出与典型焦虑和抑郁不同的病因，以及这是否因性别而异。主要临床ADHD样本包括885名儿童（14%为女性）。精神症状采用标准化访谈进行评估。多基因风险评分（PRS）是使用大型遗传研究得出的。复制样本包括独立的临床ADHD样本（N= 3，794; 25.7%女性）和广泛定义的人群ADHD样本（N= 995; 33.4%女性）。我们没有发现ADHD儿童焦虑或抑郁PRS的性别差异。在主要样本中，焦虑PRS与男性的社交和广泛性焦虑相关，有证据表明社交焦虑的性别-PRS相互作用。这些结果在广泛定义的ADHD样本中没有重复。抑郁PRS与共病抑郁症状无关。结果表明，焦虑和抑郁的遗传风险并不更容易导致男性多动症。此外，ADHD患者的焦虑症状与典型焦虑之间存在共同病因的证据很弱，需要复制。
It is unknown why attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is more common in males, whereas anxiety and depression show a female population excess. We tested the hypothesis that anxiety and depression risk alleles manifest as ADHD in males. We also tested whether anxiety and depression in children with ADHD show a different etiology to typical anxiety and depression and whether this differs by sex. The primary clinical ADHD sample consisted of 885 (14% female) children. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using standardized interviews. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were derived using large genetic studies. Replication samples included independent clinical ADHD samples (N= 3,794; 25.7% female) and broadly defined population ADHD samples (N= 995; 33.4% female). We did not identify sex differences in anxiety or depression PRS in children with ADHD. In the primary sample, anxiety PRS were associated with social and generalized anxiety in males, with evidence of a sex‐by‐PRS interaction for social anxiety. These results did not replicate in the broadly defined ADHD sample. Depression PRS were not associated with comorbid depression symptoms. The results suggest that anxiety and depression genetic risks are not more likely to lead to ADHD in males. Also, the evidence for shared etiology between anxiety symptoms in those with ADHD and typical anxiety was weak and needs replication.