Response to malaria epidemics in Africa.
Response to malaria epidemics in Africa.
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DOI：
10.3201/eid1305.061333
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发表时间：
2007-05
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Abeku TA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Abeku TA
行动的重点应是及早发现异常传播和迅速部署大规模药物管理。疟疾流行病影响非洲许多高原和半干旱地区的非免疫人群。有效预防这些流行病具有挑战性，特别是在高地，那里的指标预测准确性不够高，无法作出涉及昂贵措施的决定，如室内滞留喷洒杀虫剂。地理信息系统的进展已证明有助于对地区进行分层，以指导有选择地确定干预措施的目标，包括在传播疫源地隔离使用杀虫剂，以防止感染蔓延。由于降雨与半干旱地区的流行病有关，因此提出了以季节性气候预测为基础的预警方法。对于大多数地区，应对措施应侧重于及早发现异常情况和快速大规模药物管理。如果极有可能发生异常传播，而且如果能够在疾病爆发的早期阶段有选择地采取病媒控制措施，那么这些措施是有用的。
Actions should focus on early recognition of abnormal transmission and rapid deployment of mass drug administration. Malaria epidemics affect nonimmune populations in many highland and semi-arid areas of Africa. Effective prevention of these epidemics is challenging, particularly in the highlands, where predictive accuracy of indicators is not sufficiently high to allow decisions involving expensive measures such as indoor residual spraying of insecticides. Advances in geographic information systems have proved useful in stratification of areas to guide selective targeting of interventions, including barrier application of insecticides in transmission foci to prevent spread of infection. Because rainfall is associated with epidemics in semi-arid areas, early warning methods based on seasonal climate predictions have been proposed. For most areas, response measures should focus on early recognition of anomalies and rapid mass drug administration. Vector control measures are useful if abnormal transmission is highly likely and if they can be selectively implemented at the early stages of an outbreak.