The (Not Necessarily) Convoluted Role of Basal Radial Glia in Cortical Neurogenesis
The (Not Necessarily) Convoluted Role of Basal Radial Glia in Cortical Neurogenesis
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhr336
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Haydar, Tarik F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hevner, Robert F.;Haydar, Tarik F.
细胞标记和成像技术的最新进展极大地扩展了我们对负责皮质发生的神经前体细胞的了解。特别是，放射状胶质细胞现在已知产生几类限制性祖细胞和神经元。虽然室管膜区的放射状胶质细胞受到了最多的关注，但越来越清楚的是，位于室管膜下区（SVZ）和中间区的放射状胶质细胞的一个独特的亚类也在皮质生成中发挥重要作用。这些分层的放射状胶质细胞，缺乏附着在心室表面的顶突，但保持基底突，是30多年前发现的。最近，他们已被进一步表征为皮质祖细胞，并更名为外，中间，或基底放射状胶质细胞（bRG）。其中一些研究表明，外SVZ（oSVZ）中的bRG丰度与增强的脑回畸形相关，特别是在灵长类动物中，尤其是人类中，因此表明bRG可能与脑回的出现和演变有关。在本期《大脑皮层》杂志中，2篇论文提供了关于普通绒猴（一种近无脑灵长类动物）和阿格列特（一种近脑回啮齿类动物）bRG的新信息（Garcia-Moreno等人，2011; Kelava等人，2011）。他们表明，bRG是丰富的，并在内部以及oSVZ增殖，在这两个物种。总之，这些发现表明bRG和oSVZ可能与脑回化或脑回发生无关。相反，bRG和其他祖细胞类型的差异调节可能会提高皮层形态发生的适应性和多样性。
Recent advances in cell labeling and imaging techniques have dramatically expanded our knowledge of the neural precursor cells responsible for corticogenesis. In particular, radial glial cells are now known to generate several classes of restricted progenitors and neurons. While radial glial cells in the ventricular zone have received the most attention, it has become increasingly clear that a distinct subclass of radial glial cells situated in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and intermediate zone also play an important role in corticogenesis. These delaminated radial glial cells, which lack an apical process attached to the ventricular surface but maintain a basal process, were discovered over 3 decades ago. Recently, they have been further characterized as cortical progenitors and renamed outer, intermediate, or basal radial glia (bRG). Some of these studies indicated that bRG abundance in the outer SVZ (oSVZ) is correlated with enhanced gyrencephaly, particularly in primates and especially human, and therefore suggested that bRG may be responsible for the emergence and evolution of cerebral convolutions. In this issue of Cerebral Cortex, 2 papers provide new information about bRG in common marmosets, a near-lissencephalic primate, and in agouti, a near-gyrencephalic rodent (Garcia-Moreno et al. 2011; Kelava et al. 2011). They demonstrate that bRG are abundant and proliferate in inner as well as oSVZ, in both species. Together, these findings indicate that bRG and the oSVZ might not be correlated with gyrification or phylogeny. Rather, differential regulation of bRG and other progenitor types may enhance the adaptability and diversity of cortical morphogenesis.