TESTING THE PROTOTYPE THEORY OF CONCEPTS
TESTING THE PROTOTYPE THEORY OF CONCEPTS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1006/jmla.1995.1031
复制
发表时间：
1995-10-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Hampton James, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hampton James, A
设计了四个实验来验证原型理论的两个预测。第一个预测是，当一个概念的定义（必要）特征与实例只有部分匹配时，那么概念的特征（非必要）特征就会影响分类。由于连续的实验未能明确地确定一系列概念的必要特征，因此对这一预测的测试出现了问题。第二个假设与特征在确定相似性方面的独立性有关。大多数版本的原型理论假设特征匹配的线性组合，这将预测当分类概率接近50%（即在类别边界）时，改变特征对类别隶属度的影响应该是最大的。结果表明，与此预测相反，当其他特征都为正时，改变一个特征的效果最大，因此分类概率最大。结果支持基于特征匹配评估相似性的逻辑组合规则（Medin & Shaffer, 1978），或者将原型的相似性与匹配特征的总和联系起来的指数泛化函数（Shepard, 1987）。(C) 1995学术出版社，Inc。
Four experiments were designed to test two predictions of Prototype Theory. The first prediction was that when the defining (necessary) features of a concept are only partially matched by an instance, then characteristic (nonnecessary) features of concepts can affect categorization. The test of this prediction was rendered problematic as successive experiments failed to identify clearly necessary features for a range of concepts. The second hypothesis related to the independence of features in determining similarity. Most versions of Prototype Theory assume a linear combination of feature matches, which would predict that the effect of changing a feature on category membership should be greatest when the probability of categorization is closest to 50% (i.e. at the category border). The results showed that, contrary to this prediction, the effect of changing a feature was greatest when other features were all positive, and so categorization probability was at a maximum. The results support either a logistic combination rule for assessing similarity on the basis of feature match (Medin & Shaffer, 1978), or an exponential generalization function relating similarity to prototype to the sum of matching features (Shepard, 1987). (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc.