Optimum community energy storage for end user applications
Optimum community energy storage for end user applications
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适合最终用户应用的最佳社区储能
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. P. Mendoza
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. P. Mendoza
根据低碳转型计划，英国政府确定到2020年，总电力的30%和总能源的15%应来自可再生能源。然而，大多数可再生能源技术都是间歇性的，因为它们取决于天气条件，而且它们不提供匹配的能力。能量存储作为一种将可再生能源技术转换为满足可变需求负载的可调度产品的技术正在引起人们的广泛关注。人们对位于消费者附近的储能越来越感兴趣，这能够增加现场消耗的当地可再生能源发电量，提供需求侧灵活性，并有助于供热部门脱碳。
本论文优化了社区储能（CES）的最终用户应用，包括电池，氢和热存储执行光伏能源时移，负荷转移和它们的组合。最优化方法通过量化平准成本、平准价值和内部收益率来获得企业社会责任的经济效益。该方法遵循社区的方法和最佳的CES系统计算作为一个功能的社区的大小，从一个单一的家庭到100个家庭的社区。开发了一种补充方法，包括三个参考年（2012年、2020年和零碳年），以显示低碳转型期间经济效益的演变。此外，敏感性分析，包括影响性能和经济效益的关键参数的开发。当预测到2020年时，社区方法将光伏能源时移和负荷转移的平准成本分别降低至0.30英镑/千瓦时和0.14英镑/千瓦时。这些价值意味着一个家庭的成本降低了37%和55%。锂离子电池的存储介质成本为275 £/kWh（相当于假设成本的10%补贴，310 £/kWh）是到2020年锂离子电池的盈亏平衡点，电价等于16.3 p/kWh（R^2=0.6）。
其次，本文介绍了一种新的社区储氢系统集成在一个低碳社区和实验结果时，执行光伏能源时移，负荷转移和两者的组合。当社区储氢系统进行负荷转移时，证明了长期ES，并且当除了负荷转移之外还进行PV能量时移时，电解槽的容量因子增加了116%。该系统是与工业合作伙伴合作设计的，并分享了在建设和测试阶段获得的关键结果。
The UK government determined that 30% of the total electricity and 15% of the total energy should be generated from renewable sources by 2020 according to the Low Carbon Transition Plan. However, most renewable energy technologies are intermittent because they depend on weather conditions and they do not offer matching capability. Energy storage is attracting intensive attention as a technology which converts renewable energy technologies into a dispatchable product which meets variable demand loads. There is increasing interest for energy storage located very close to consumers which is able to augment the amount of local renewable generation consumed on site, provides demand side flexibility and helps to decarbonise the heating sector.
This thesis optimises community energy storage (CES) for end user applications including battery, hydrogen and thermal storage performing PV energy time-shift, load shifting and the combination of them. The optimisation method obtains the economic benefits of CES by quantifying the levelised cost, levelised value and internal rate of return. The method follows a community approach and the optimum CES system was calculated as a function of the size of the community, from a single home to a 100-home community. A complimentary methodology was developed including three reference years (2012, 2020 and zero carbon year) to show the evolution of the economic benefits during the low carbon transition. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis including the key parameters which affect the performance and the economic benefits was developed. The community approach reduced the levelised cost down to 0.30 £/kWh and 0.14 £/kWh for PV energy time shift and load shifting respectively when projected to the year 2020. These values meant a cost reduction by 37% and 55% regarding a single home. A cost of the storage medium of 275 £/kWh for Li-ion batteries (equivalent to a 10% subsidy over the assumed cost, 310 £/kWh) is the break-even point for Li-ion batteries by 2020 for an electricity price equal to 16.3 p/kWh (R^2=0.6).
Secondly, this thesis presents a new community hydrogen storage system integrated in a low carbon community and the experimental results when performing PV energy time-shift, load shifting and the combination of them. Long term ES was demonstrated when the community storage hydrogen system performed load shifting and the capacity factor of the electrolyser increased by 116% when PV energy time-shift was performed in addition to load shifting. This system was designed in collaboration with industrial partners and the key findings obtained during the construction and testing phases are shared.