Species and functional diversity of arthropod assemblages (Araneae, Carabidae, Heteroptera and Orthoptera) in grazed and mown salt grasslands
Species and functional diversity of arthropod assemblages (Araneae, Carabidae, Heteroptera and Orthoptera) in grazed and mown salt grasslands
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2018.12.004
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发表时间：
2019-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Torma;Peter Csaszar;M. Bozsó;B. Deák;O. Valkó;O. Kiss;R. Gallé
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Torma;Peter Csaszar;M. Bozsó;B. Deák;O. Valkó;O. Kiss;R. Gallé
半天然草原是欧洲生物多样性保护最重要的生境之一，放牧和刈割是半天然草原广泛采用的管理方式。由于广泛放牧牲畜数量的减少，越来越多的原放牧草原被用作割草草原。然而，我们缺乏关于节肢动物组合如何受割草影响的信息。研究了刈割与放牧对匈牙利3个草地复合体节肢动物物种丰富度、丰度和功能多样性的影响。自2005年起，盐碱地划分为两个管理单元，一部分继续实行粗放放牧管理，另一部分实行年度晚采。在每个管理单位抽样调查了五个场址。蜘蛛和地面甲虫是用陷阱取样的，直齿兽和真正的虫子是在2015年切割之前用扫网取样的。使用混合模型分析了334个物种的12576个成年个体的数据。比起地栖蜘蛛和地栖甲虫，植物栖的真虫和矫形动物对割草的反应更为敏感。除了刈割对植物栖节肢动物物种丰富度和丰度的总体负面影响外，这些群落加权平均值的变化表明，在这些群落对不同管理制度的功能响应中，物种的体型、营养行为和扩散能力具有重要意义。土壤湿度条件和植被特性的差异对地面甲虫和蜘蛛的影响较大。据推测，干旱等强烈的非生物压力因素可以部分地超越对地面生活节肢动物的管理效果。对植栖节肢动物来说，均匀和同时大面积去除生物量的影响和割草造成的直接死亡是最不利的。基于我们的研究结果，传统的管理方法在草地保护中应该优先考虑，因为替代的管理方法在保护草地生物多样性方面可能效果不佳。
Grazing and mowing are widely applied management practices in semi-natural grasslands, which are one of the most important habitats for biodiversity conservation in Europe. Due to the decline in extensively grazing livestock numbers, an increasing area of formerly grazed grasslands has being used as mown grasslands. However, we have scarce information on how arthropod assemblages are influenced by mowing in formerly grazed pastures. We assessed the effects of mowing compared to grazing on the species richness, abundance and functional diversity of arthropods in three grassland complexes in Hungary. Since 2005, these salt grasslands have been divided into two management units: extensive grazing management has been continued in one part, while annual late cutting has been established in the other part. In each management unit five sites were sampled. Spiders and ground beetles were sampled using pitfall traps, orthopterans and true bugs were sampled using sweep nets twice before cutting in 2015. In total, the data relating to 12,576 adult individuals of 334 species were analysed using mixed-models. Plant-dwelling true bugs and orthopterans responded more sensitively to mowing than ground-dwelling spiders and ground beetles. Beside the general negative effect of mowing on the species richness and abundance of plant-dwelling arthropods, the shifts in the community weighted mean values of these assemblages suggested the importance of the body size, trophic behaviour and dispersal ability of species in the functional response of these assemblages to the different management regimes. Ground beetles and spiders were rather influenced by the differences in the moisture conditions and vegetation properties. Presumably, strong abiotic stressors such as drought can partly override management effects on ground-dwelling arthropods. The effect of uniform and simultaneous biomass removal on large areas, and the direct mortality caused by mowing was the most disadvantageous for plant-dwelling arthropods. Based on our results, traditional management practices should be prioritized in grassland conservation, as alternative management practices might be less effective in preserving grassland biodiversity.