Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor air and dust in Kuwait: Implications for sources and nondietary human exposure
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor air and dust in Kuwait: Implications for sources and nondietary human exposure
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00244-006-0261-6
复制
发表时间：
2007-11-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Helaleh, Murad
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gevao, Bondi;Al-Bahloul, Majed;Helaleh, Murad
本研究报告了从科威特的24个家庭收集的室内空气和灰尘样品中多环芳烃的浓度。室内空气中多环芳烃的平均西格玛值范围为1.3至16纳克/立方米，几何平均值为5.6纳克/立方米，而灰尘浓度的变化超过三个数量级，从3至2920纳克/克，几何平均值为165纳克/克。低分子量的三环和四环多环芳烃占主导地位的空气剖面构成了类似的70- 90%的测量化合物，菲（51%），芴（13%），荧蒽（8%），芘（7%）是主要的贡献者。灰尘中的多环芳烃主要是高分子量的多环芳烃，三种化合物（苯并[a]芘，苯并[k]荧蒽，苯并[B]荧蒽）贡献了60%的平均西格玛多环芳烃在样品中测量。大多数化合物的室内/室外（I/O）比值< 1，表明这些化合物在这些家庭中没有明显的室内来源。使用空气和灰尘中的测量浓度，以及儿童和成人吸入和无意吸入灰尘的估计率，以BaPequiv为基础的人类非饮食接触估计值，儿童和成人分别为547皮克/千克体重/天和205皮克/千克体重/天。暴露于粉尘摄入贡献了约42%的非膳食摄入的Sigma多环芳烃的儿童，但只有11%的成人。在这项研究中，儿童和成人之间暴露估计值的三倍差异支持了先前的报告，即儿童受到室内积累的污染物的风险更大。
This study reports concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor air and dust samples collected from 24 homes in Kuwait. Mean Sigma PAHs in indoor air ranged from 1.3 to 16 ng/m(3) with a geometric mean of 5.6 ng/m(3), whereas the dust concentrations varied over three orders of magnitude, from 3 to 2920 ng/g, with a geometric mean of 165 ng/g. The low-molecular-weight tricyclic and tetracyclic PAHs dominated the air profile constituting similar to 70-90 % of the measured compounds, with phenanthrene (51%), fluorene (13 %), fluoranthere (8 %), and pyrene (7 %) being the major contributors. The PAH profile in dust was dominated by the high-molecular-weight PAHs, with three compounds (benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and benzo[b]fluoranthene) contributing similar to 60% of the average Sigma PAHs measured in the samples. Indoor-to-outdoor (I/O) ratios for individual compounds were < 1 for the majority of compounds, suggesting that there were no significant indoor sources for these compounds in these homes.Using the measured concentrations in air and dust, together with estimates of inhalation and inadvertent dust ingestion rates for children and adults, estimated human nondietary exposure on a BaPequiv basis were 547 pg/kg body weight/day and 205 pg/kg body weight/day for children and adults, respectively. Exposure from dust ingestion contributes about 42% of nondietary intake of Sigma PAHs in children, but only 11% for adults. The threefold difference in exposure estimates between children and adults in this study supports previous reports that children are at greater risk from pollutants that accumulate indoors.