Ecological Context Influences Epidemic Size and Parasite-Driven Evolution
Ecological Context Influences Epidemic Size and Parasite-Driven Evolution
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1215429
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发表时间：
2012-03-30
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Hall, Spencer R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duffy, Meghan A.;Ochs, Jessica Housley;Hall, Spencer R.
疾病爆发的发生和规模可以强烈影响宿主进化。特别是，当宿主面临抵抗力-繁殖力权衡时，它们可能会在较大的流行期间进化出对感染的抵抗力，但在较小的流行期间会增加易感性。我们测试了这一理论预测，通过使用一个zoopheton-yeast宿主-寄生虫系统，其中生态因素决定流行病的规模。高生产力和低捕食压力的湖泊有大的酵母疫情，在这些爆发，主机变得更耐感染。然而，低生产力和高捕食，流行仍然很小，主机进化增加易感性。因此，通过调节疾病爆发，生态环境（生产力和捕食）在流行病期间塑造了宿主进化。因此，生产力和捕食的人为改变可能会强烈影响疾病的生态和进化结果。
The occurrence and magnitude of disease outbreaks can strongly influence host evolution. In particular, when hosts face a resistance-fecundity trade-off, they might evolve increased resistance to infection during larger epidemics but increased susceptibility during smaller ones. We tested this theoretical prediction by using a zooplankton-yeast host-parasite system in which ecological factors determine epidemic size. Lakes with high productivity and low predation pressure had large yeast epidemics; during these outbreaks, hosts became more resistant to infection. However, with low productivity and high predation, epidemics remained small and hosts evolved increased susceptibility. Thus, by modulating disease outbreaks, ecological context (productivity and predation) shaped host evolution during epidemics. Consequently, anthropogenic alteration of productivity and predation might strongly influence both ecological and evolutionary outcomes of disease.