Two new genera of Arthoniales from New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands, with the description of eight further species
Two new genera of Arthoniales from New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands, with the description of eight further species
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DOI：
10.1639/0007-2745-117.3.282
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发表时间：
2014-08
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Aptroot
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作者：
A. Aptroot
摘要 描述了来自太平洋岛屿的 Arthoniales 中的两个新属。 Glyphopsis 是来自新喀里多尼亚的新种 G. aurantiodisca，其特征是含有二叉酸和沸石蛋白的叶状体、具有亮橙色圆盘和凸起的 lecanorine 边缘的无柄分组子囊，以及透明和壁状的子囊孢子。 Gossypiothallon 是来自所罗门群岛的新种 G.appendisporum，其特征是含有 zeorin 和花梗的胞体叶状体，具有淡粉色圆盘的简单子囊，无分化边缘和透明、杆状、3 隔膜的子囊孢子，具有两个极的、通常弯曲的凝胶状附属物。另外还有八种来自新喀里多尼亚或所罗门群岛的皮质壳状地衣。 Byssoloma xanthonicum 的特征是含有 norstic 酸和 lichexanthone 的叶状体以及 3 个隔膜的子囊孢子。 Cliostomum ovocarpum 有橙黄色、凸形子囊和1-隔膜子囊孢子。 Crocynia minutiloba 在厚厚的白色细丝下叶体和扁平的卵壳状子囊上有掌状分枝的裂片。 Megalotremis dolabarata表面有圆柱形灰色分生孢子器和简单的椭圆形分生孢子。 Pyrenula filiformis 有一个叶状体，叶状体覆盖了大部分子囊泡，并有 11-17 个隔膜、细长的梭形至略棒状的子囊孢子。 Pyrenula mastigophora 有 5 个隔膜的子囊孢子，下端有长达 25 µm 的长尾。 Pyrenula spissitunicata 具有含有地己酮的叶状体、与被叶状体覆盖的共同小孔的融合子囊和类似于 Pyrgillus 的子囊孢子。地衣真菌 Pyrenidium coccineum（寄生在 Siphula decumbens 上）具有红色子囊，可将标本盒染成蓝色。
Abstract Two new genera in the Arthoniales are described from the Pacific Islands. Glyphopsis, with the new species G. aurantiodisca from New Caledonia is characterized by a thallus containing divaricatic acid and zeorin and sessile grouped ascomata with bright orange discs and raised lecanorine margins, and the ascospores hyaline and muriform. Gossypiothallon, with the new species G. appendisporum from the Solomon Islands is characterized by a byssoid thallus containing zeorin and pedicillate, simple ascomata with pale pink discs, without differentiated margins and hyaline, bacillar, 3-septate ascospores with two polar, usually curved gelatinous appendages. Eight further corticolous crustose lichens are described from either New Caledonia or the Solomon Islands. Byssoloma xanthonicum is characterized by a thallus containing norstictic acid and lichexanthone and 3-septate ascospores. Cliostomum ovocarpum has orange yellow, convex apothecia and 1-septate ascospores. Crocynia minutiloba has palmately branched lobes on a thick whitish byssoid hypothallus and flat lecideoid apothecia. Megalotremis dolabarata has superficial cylindrical grey pycnidia and simple ellipsoid conidia. Pyrenula filiformis has a thallus with pseudocyphellae covering most part of the ascomata and 11–17-septate, slender fusiform to slightly clavate ascospores. Pyrenula mastigophora has 5-septate ascospores with an up to 25 µm long tail at the lower end. Pyrenula spissitunicata has a thallus with lichexanthone, fused ascomata with common ostioles covered by thallus and ascospores resembling a Pyrgillus. The lichenicolous fungus Pyrenidium coccineum (parasitic on Siphula decumbens) has red ascomata which stain herbarium boxes blue.