Velocity storage mechanism drives a cerebellar clock for predictive eye velocity control
Velocity storage mechanism drives a cerebellar clock for predictive eye velocity control
复制标题
速度存储机制驱动小脑时钟以进行预测性眼速度控制
DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-63641-0
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miki;S.;Urase;K.;Baker;R.;Hirata;Y.
预测运动控制广泛应用于动物界以实现快速精确的运动动作。在大多数脊椎动物中，大的、移动的视觉场景诱导眼运动的视动反应（OKR）控制以稳定视觉。在金鱼中，OKR被发现是预测后，长期暴露于时间周期性的视觉运动。最近的一项研究表明，小脑是获得这种预测OKR（pOKR）的必要条件，但目前尚不清楚小脑是否足够。在这里，我们研究了不同的鱼类已知共享小脑神经元回路的基本架构，他们获得pOKR的能力。鲤鱼被证明像金鱼一样获得pOKR，而斑马鱼和青鳉没有，这表明小脑本身是不够的。有趣的是，那些获得pOKR的鱼被发现表现出持久的眼震后视动（OKAN），而不是那些没有。为了直接操作OKAN，在金鱼中进行前庭神经切除术，严重缩短了OKAN，但获得的pOKR与正常动物相当。这些结果表明，产生OKAN的神经元回路（称为速度储存机制（VSM））是获得pOKR所必需的，而与OKAN持续时间无关。综上所述，我们得出结论，pOKR是通过反复小脑-脑干平行回路获得的，其中小脑调节VSM信号流，反过来，接收适当定时的眼速度信息来控制视觉世界的运动。
Predictive motor control is ubiquitously employed in animal kingdom to achieve rapid and precise motor action. In most vertebrates large, moving visual scenes induce an optokinetic response (OKR) control of eye movements to stabilize vision. In goldfish, the OKR was found to be predictive after a prolonged exposure to temporally periodic visual motion. A recent study showed the cerebellum necessary to acquire this predictive OKR (pOKR), but it remained unclear as to whether the cerebellum alone was sufficient. Herein we examined different fish species known to share the basic architecture of cerebellar neuronal circuitry for their ability to acquire pOKR. Carps were shown to acquire pOKR like goldfish while zebrafish and medaka did not, demonstrating the cerebellum alone not to be sufficient. Interestingly, those fish that acquired pOKR were found to exhibit long-lasting optokinetic after nystagmus (OKAN) as opposed to those that didn’t. To directly manipulate OKAN vestibular-neurectomy was performed in goldfish that severely shortened OKAN, but pOKR was acquired comparable to normal animals. These results suggest that the neuronal circuitry producing OKAN, known as the velocity storage mechanism (VSM), is required to acquire pOKR irrespective of OKAN duration. Taken together, we conclude that pOKR is acquired through recurrent cerebellum-brainstem parallel loops in which the cerebellum adjusts VSM signal flow and, in turn, receives appropriately timed eye velocity information to clock visual world motion.