ASPECTS OF SCHOOLING IN EUPHAUSIA SUPERBA
ASPECTS OF SCHOOLING IN EUPHAUSIA SUPERBA
复制标题
EUPHAUSIA SUPERBA 学校的各个方面
DOI：
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Hamner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Hamner
摘要潜水员在南设得兰群岛和南极半岛附近的Gerlache海峡观察到了超级大鳞虾群。尤普豪斯病毒几乎总是发生在向一个方向游来游去的密集学校的范围内。学校的形状千变万化，但通常至少在一个维度上是狭窄的，因此学校中的个人永远不会远离它的边缘。学校以大约20厘米/S的速度移动，主要是水平移动，垂直位移总是伴随着更大的水平偏移量。学校内发生了不透明的、可能是坏死性的优生，这表明学校教育可能有流行病学上的不利之处。学校对潜在和实际的捕食者(海鸟和鲸鱼)表现出不同的行为反应。一种关于个体发育差异的学校行为假说认为，幼虫在浅水和深水中都会水平地长距离迁徙以寻找食物，但成群的成虫在深水或深水附近产卵，因此迅速下沉的卵不会沉积在海床上。
ABSTRACT Divers observed schools of Euphausia superba off the South Shetland Islands and in Gerlache Strait near the Antarctic Peninsula. Euphausiids almost always occurred within the confines of dense schools swimming in one direction. Schools formed an infinite variety of shapes but usually were narrow in at least one dimension, so that individuals within a school were never far from its edge. Schools moved at about 20 cm/s, primarily horizontally, and vertical displacement was always accompanied by much larger horizontal excursions. Opaque, presumably necrotic, euphausiids occurred within schools, indicating that schooling may have epidemiologic disadvantages. Schools exhibited a variety of behavioral responses to potential and actual predators (sea birds and whales). A hypothesis of ontogenetic differences in schooling behavior proposes that juveniles migrate long distances horizontally in search of food over both shallow and deep waters, but that schools of adults spawn in or near deep water so that rapidly sinking eggs are not deposited on the sea bed.