The Trans-Pacific Partnership, Import Dependency, and the Future of Food Security in Japan
The Trans-Pacific Partnership, Import Dependency, and the Future of Food Security in Japan
复制标题
跨太平洋伙伴关系、进口依赖和日本粮食安全的未来
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-50553-4_15
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. O'Shea
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. O'Shea
日本的农业状况很糟糕。大规模的政府补贴和高进口关税未能阻止生产率下降、进口依赖增加和耕地面积减少的不可阻挡的趋势。在这一背景下，近年来要求农业部门自由化的呼声越来越高。然而，无论是在日本还是其他国家，农业政策的决定因素远不止效率和比较优势。事实上，日本的食品生产、分配和消费模式受到各种因素的影响，包括身份政治、对食品风险的看法和农村政策。战后日本农业政治的主要因素是自民党对农村支持的培养，以及农村与城市选票权重的差异。其结果是，自民党通过有效限制外国竞争来确保农民的高价，并获得日本农村的支持。本章认为，今天，地区地缘政治正在取代农村选票，成为日本农业政策的关键因素。
Japanese agriculture is in a bad way. Massive government subsidies and high import tariffs have failed to stem the inexorable tide of declining productivity, increasing import dependence, and falling area of land under cultivation. Against this backdrop those calling for the liberalization of the agricultural sector have gained ground in recent years. Yet agricultural policy, be it in Japan or elsewhere, is determined by much more than efficiency and comparative advantage. Indeed, the patterns of production, distribution, and consumption of food in Japan are subject to a variety of factors, including identity politics, perceptions of food risks, and rural policy. The main factor in post-war Japanese agricultural politics was the cultivation of rural support by the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), aided by the disparity in weight of rural versus urban votes. The result was a system where the LDP ensured high prices for farmers by effectively limiting foreign competition, and in return enjoyed the support of rural Japan. This chapter argues that today, regional geopolitics is supplanting rural votes as the key factor in Japan’s agricultural policy.