Effects of the inhibition of weed communities by winter-flooding.
Effects of the inhibition of weed communities by winter-flooding.
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冬季洪水对杂草群落的抑制作用。
DOI：
10.4236/as.2011.24050
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Toshihiko Nakamura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Korehisa Kaneko;Toshihiko Nakamura
冬季淹水稻田是一种越冬灌溉的农业方式，作为一种环境友好型农业备受关注。特别是，据说冬涝是一种控制水稻杂草的方法，具有水稻年产量高的耕作潜力。然而，关于冬季洪涝对杂草群落的影响还没有详细的研究，作为本研究的目的，我们调查了冬季洪涝对日本千叶县稻叶湖沿岸杂草群落(生活史、有害杂草)的抑制作用，并将其与旱田中的水稻杂草进行了比较。方法测定各象限(1m2)内各表观树种的株高(Cm)和盖度等级。两种类型稻田的象限在对照时为10帧(D1-D10)，在处理时为10帧(W1-W10)(图1)。在冬涝稻田中，冬涝后的第3个冬季，一年生植物的物种数和蓄积量都有所下降，特别是麦冬、豆蔻的蓄积量明显减少。我们认为下降的原因是由于水浸深度(超过10厘米)所致。多年生植物黑果、棘豆，一年生植物慈姑在冬涝后的第三个夏天在冬涝的稻田里生长。我们认为，这些物种在种子萌发的地方生长得更厚，而且更容易生长，因为种子的保存状况很适合冬季洪涝条件。在排水后，它们立即开始生长。排水期与光照强度和温度的增加相吻合。此外，冬涝后第3年的水稻年产量高于习作稻田。
Winter-flooded paddy field is an agricultural method which putting a water among the winter, it is paid attention as an environmental friendly agriculture. Especially, it is said, winter-flooding is control paddy weeds and there is the farming potential that the annual rice yield is high. However, there is no detailed research about the effects of weed communities by winter-flooding, as the purpose of this study, we investigated the effects of the inhibition of weed communities (life cycle, harmful weed) by winter-flooding at a shore of Inba Lake, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, and compared them to paddy weeds in a dry paddy field. Methods examined the plant height (cm) and the cover degree class of all appearance species in each quadrant frame (1 m2). Quadrant in the two type paddies were 10 frames (D1-D10) at the control, and were 10 frames (W1-W10) at the treatment (Figure 1). In a winter-flooded paddy field, species number and plant volume of winter-annual plants decreased in the third winter after winter-flooding, In particular, the plant volume of Alopecurus aequalis, Cardamine flexuosa decreased significantly. We considered that the cause of this decrease was due to the depth of flooding (more than 10 cm). Eleocharis kuroguwai and Echinochloa oryzoides, which are perennial plants, Sagittaria trifolia, which is an annual plant, increased in a winter-flooded paddy field in the third summer after winter-flooding. We considered that these species grew thicker at places where the seeds germinated, and grew easily, because the conservation situation of the seeds fitted well under the winter-flooding conditions. They started to grow immediately after the drainage of water. The period of drainage coincided with increasing light intensity and temperature. In addition, the annual rice yield of the third year after winter-flooding was higher than that of the habitual practice rice field．