Understanding the spatial variation in lithium concentration of high Andean Salars using diagnostic factors.
Understanding the spatial variation in lithium concentration of high Andean Salars using diagnostic factors.
复制标题
使用诊断因素了解安第斯山脉高海拔地区锂浓度的空间变化。
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167647
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发表时间：
2024
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Al-Jawad J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Al-Jawad J
“锂三角”国家（阿根廷、玻利维亚、智利）的盐湖（内部排水盆地）在富锂卤水中拥有全球锂资源的50%以上。鉴于锂生产必须实现能源转型，而且撒拉族的本质是高度可变的，因此，一个既能区分它们的差异又能识别它们的相似之处的框架将有助于了解它们的来源和开发潜力。在这项研究中，基于环境因素的29个撒拉族的数据：降雨，蒸发以及它们的物理特性：已使用盘大小和盆地大小将其与描述其背景、土地使用/覆被和地质露头的尺寸一起沿着排列。这些参数已经通过创建锂浓度除以每个salar的因子的比率来归一化。交叉相关被用来建立这些标准化因素之间的关系，结合主成分分析来确定聚类，并进一步确定行为的分组，这一过程产生了两种关系：区域和地方。区域包括海拔、降水和蒸发等因素;局部包括流域的大小、盐湖核、土地覆盖和流域的地质露头。然而，阿塔卡马盐沼被确定为一个异常值，因此必须谨慎对待对其来源和运作的理解的可转移性。随着更多信息的获得，可以将其他薪金添加到框架中。这里提出的方法可以通过将salars分类来帮助勘探，因为它们的较小尺寸可能不一定意味着较低的锂质量。此外，这样一个框架可以通过认识到盐沼的复杂性以及了解卤水开采对环境影响的必要性，为政策决策和文书提供信息。
Salars (basins of internal drainage) in the “Lithium Triangle” countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile) hold >50 % of the global lithium resources within lithium-rich brines. Given the imperative for lithium production to enable the energy transition and that salars by their very nature are highly variable, so a framework to both characterise their differences as well as identifying their similarities would be beneficial to understanding their provenance and potential for exploitation.In this study, data for 29 salars based on environmental factors: rainfall, evaporation as well as their physical characteristic: pan size and basin size have been used to characterise them along with those describing their setting land-use/cover and geological outcrop. These parameters have been normalised by creating a ratio of the lithium concentration divided by the factor for each salar. Cross-correlation has been used to develop relationships between these normalised factors, combined with principal component analysis to identify clustering and to further characterise groupings of behaviours.Two such relationships emerge out of this process: regional and local. Regional covers factors such as elevation, precipitation, and evaporation; local includes size of watershed, salar nucleus, land cover and geological outcrop in the watershed. However, Salar de Atacama is identified as an outlier and so the transferability of the understanding of its provenance and operation must be treated with caution. Other salars could be added to the framework as more information becomes available. The methodology presented here could help exploration by characterising salars into categories as their smaller size may not necessarily mean lower lithium mass. Further, such a framework can inform policy decisions and instruments by recognising the complexity of salars combined with the need to understand the environmental impacts of brine extraction.