Dispersion of solids in fracturing flows of yield stress fluids
Dispersion of solids in fracturing flows of yield stress fluids
复制标题
屈服应力流体压裂流中固体的分散
DOI：
10.1017/jfm.2017.465
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Frigaard, I. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hormozi, S.;Frigaard, I. A.
固体分散是水力压裂的重要组成部分，有助于理解尖端滤出和垫铺展等现象，以及支撑剂循环泵送等新工艺变化。然而许多压裂液的粘度较低，例如滑溜水，其他则通过增加粘度来输送支撑剂。在这种情况下，影响分散性和固体承载能力的一种方法是使用屈服应力流体作为压裂流体。我们针对这种情况提出了一个模型框架，并分析了其中的一个简化。包含屈服应力的一个关键作用是将高剪切速率集中在断裂壁附近。在典型的压裂流中，这会导致裂缝上的剪切速率发生很大的变化。在使用剪切稀化的粘性压裂液时，流动在颗粒尺度上可能显着变化，从斯托克斯行为到裂缝宽度上的惯性行为。同样，根据流速，Hele-Shaw 型模型在较高雷诺数时让位于必须考虑惯性的模型。我们开发了一个模型框架，能够包含此范围的流，同时仍然代表对全三维计算的显着简化。在相对直的裂缝和中等流变性的流体中，这简化为一维模型，该模型预测裂缝内沿流线的固体浓度。我们使用该模型来估计各种相关场景中的流向离散度。该模型框架还预测固体体积分数和速度分布的横向分布及其沿流动部分的演变。
Solids dispersion is an important part of hydraulic fracturing, both in helping to understand phenomena such as tip screen-out and spreading of the pad, and in new process variations such as cyclic pumping of proppant. Whereas many frac fluids have low viscosity, e.g. slickwater, others transport proppant through increased viscosity. In this context, one method for influencing both dispersion and solids-carrying capacity is to use a yield stress fluid as the frac fluid. We propose a model framework for this scenario and analyse one of the simplifications. A key effect of including a yield stress is to focus high shear rates near the fracture walls. In typical fracturing flows this results in a large variation in shear rates across the fracture. In using shear-thinning viscous frac fluids, flows may vary significantly on the particle scale, from Stokesian behaviour to inertial behaviour across the width of the fracture. Equally, according to the flow rates, Hele-Shaw style models give way at higher Reynolds number to those in which inertia must be considered. We develop a model framework able to include this range of flows, while still representing a significant simplification over fully three-dimensional computations. In relatively straight fractures and for fluids of moderate rheology, this simplifies into a one-dimensional model that predicts the solids concentration along a streamline within the fracture. We use this model to make estimates of the streamwise dispersion in various relevant scenarios. This model framework also predicts the transverse distributions of the solid volume fraction and velocity profiles as well as their evolutions along the flow part.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
影响因子：
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