Adolescents prenatally exposed to marijuana: Examination of facets of complex behaviors and comparisons with the influence of in utero cigarettes
Adolescents prenatally exposed to marijuana: Examination of facets of complex behaviors and comparisons with the influence of in utero cigarettes
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/j.1552-4604.2002.tb06009.x
复制
发表时间：
2002-11-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Fried, PA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fried, PA
为了本次审查的目的，产前暴露于大麻在青少年后代的影响进行了讨论的背景下，影响可能是显而易见的，只有当复杂的行为的多方面的性质进行检查，这样的曝光可以区分从那些产前暴露于香烟。这些数据来自参与一项正在进行的纵向研究的青少年，他们的产前大麻和香烟暴露已被确定为低风险，主要是中产阶级的样本，自出生以来进行了评估。在本报告中，研究了9至12岁儿童的认知功能和视知觉表现以及13至16岁儿童的注意力方面。这三个方面的行为似乎都受到母亲使用大麻或香烟的不同影响。产前吸烟与智商降低、冲动控制能力差以及在要求视觉感知表现基本方面的测试中表现较差有关。相比之下，产前大麻对智商或基本视觉感知技能没有负面影响。相反，在子宫内暴露于大麻的影响，这些技能的应用在任务中解决问题的情况下，需要视觉整合和分析技能，以及持续的注意力。这些差异的研究结果进行了讨论，香烟暴露有一个“自下而上”的影响和大麻暴露有一个“自上而下”的影响。后者也讨论了产前大麻的负面关联方面的执行功能。临床药理学杂志。
For the purposes of this review, the impact of prenatal exposure to marijuana in adolescent offspring is discussed in the context that the effects may be apparent only when the multifaceted nature of complex behaviors is examined and that such exposure can be distinguished from those of prenatal exposure to cigarettes. The data are derived from adolescents participating in an ongoing longitudinal study for whom prenatal marijuana and cigarette exposure had been ascertained with the low-risk, predominantly middle-class sample that had been assessed since birth. In this report, cognitive functioning and visual perceptual performance in 9- to 12-year-olds and facets of attention in 13- to 16-year-olds are examined. These three areas of behavior all appear to be affected differentially by maternal use of marijuana or cigarettes. Prenatal cigarette exposure was associated with lowered IQ, poorer impulse control, and poorer performance on tests requiring fundamental aspects of visuoperceptual performance. In contrast, prenatal marijuana did not have a negative impact on IQ or on basic visuoperceptual skills. Rather, in utero exposure to marijuana had an impact on the application of these skills in tasks in problem-solving situations requiring visual integration and analytical skills as well as sustained attention. These differential findings are discussed in terms of cigarette exposure having a "bottom-up" impact and marijuana exposure having a "top-down" impact. The latter is also discussed in terms of prenatal marijuana's negative association with aspects of executive function. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.