The consequences of winter climate change for plant performance
The consequences of winter climate change for plant performance
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冬季气候变化对植物性能的影响
DOI：
10.1002/ajb2.16252
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Anderson, Jill T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anderson, Jill T.
随着夏季气温的持续升高和强烈的热浪，冬季气候变化的生态效应很容易被忽视。然而，冬季气候的变化可能对温带纬度和高海拔地区的生态进化动态产生深远的影响。气候变化导致冬季气温升高，积雪被破坏，冰盖减少（Rixen et al., 2022）。预计到本世纪末，许多地区将出现极端积雪损失（Talsma et al., 2022）。气候变化的模式是复杂的，且取决于区域，但随着气温升高和降雪动态的改变，冬季总体上正变得不那么可靠。在冬季寒冷的生态系统中，许多植物物种需要长时间暴露在低温度下，但不一定是冰冻的温度下，以打破春季的休眠；这种冷却要求阻止了冬季中期叶子的出芽、开花或发芽（Chuine et al., 2016）。暖冬提前了春天的到来，可能导致越冬降温不足。此外，春季和秋季霜冻发生在植物生理活跃之后，会扰乱物候，降低适合度。最后，新的冬季气候可能会破坏植物、它们的共生者和拮抗剂之间的生物相互作用。在这里，我将讨论这些领域的新兴研究前沿。
With continually increasing summer temperatures and intense heat waves, it can be easy to neglect the ecological effects of winter climate change. However, shifts in the climate during winter can have profound consequences for eco-evolutionary dynamics in extratropical latitudes and high-elevation locales. Climate change has increased winter temperatures, disrupted snowpack, and reduced ice cover (Rixen et al., 2022). Extreme losses of snowpack are projected for many regions by the end of the century (Talsma et al., 2022). Patterns of climate change are complex and region dependent, but winters are becoming less reliable overall, with elevated temperatures and altered snow dynamics. In ecosystems with cold winters, many plant species require exposure to low, but not necessarily freezing, temperatures for a prolonged period to break dormancy in the spring; this chilling requirement prevents leaf emergence, flowering, or germination from occurring in the middle of winter (Chuine et al., 2016). Warming winters have advanced the onset of spring and could result in insufficient overwinter chilling. In addition, spring and fall frosts that occur after plants become physiologically active can perturb phenology and reduce fitness. Finally, novel winter climates could disrupt biotic interactions among plants, their mutualists, and antagonists. Here, I discuss emerging research frontiers in these domains.