Genomic selection needs to be carefully assessed to meet specific requirements in livestock breeding programs.
Genomic selection needs to be carefully assessed to meet specific requirements in livestock breeding programs.
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DOI：
10.3389/fgene.2015.00049
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
de Koning DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jonas E;de Koning DJ
基因组选择是农业中一个很有前途的发展方向，其目的是通过利用分子遗传标记设计新的育种方案和开发新的基于标记的遗传评价模型来提高产量。随着新算法和实验室方法的开发，它为研究提供了机会。基因组选择可以应用于许多品种和物种。在育种计划中实施基因组选择（GS）的进一步研究不仅对公共利益，而且对私营部门（育种公司）都是非常可取的。据预测，这种方法将改善选择程序，特别是在繁殖周期长，后期或性别限制或昂贵的性状记录和复杂性状的物种。然而，将GS整合到现有育种计划中的任务并不简单。尽管成功地整合到奶牛育种计划，它还没有被证明有多少重点可以给予基因组信息和多少额外的表型信息是需要从新的选择候选人。基因组选择已经是许多猪和肉牛育种公司未来规划的一部分，但需要进一步研究，以充分估计基因组信息的使用对预测未来种猪性能的有效性。杂交育种和跨品种计划中的生产的基因组预测、用于基因分型的个体的成本和选择是不愿意完全依赖于基因组信息用于选择决策的原因。育种目标高度依赖于行业，必须仔细考虑使用基因组信息时的额外收益。本文综述了一些建议的方法，在选定的牲畜物种，包括牛，猪，鸡，鱼。它概述了任务，以帮助理解在育种方案中应用基因组信息时可能产生的后果。
Genomic selection is a promising development in agriculture, aiming improved production by exploiting molecular genetic markers to design novel breeding programs and to develop new markers-based models for genetic evaluation. It opens opportunities for research, as novel algorithms and lab methodologies are developed. Genomic selection can be applied in many breeds and species. Further research on the implementation of genomic selection (GS) in breeding programs is highly desirable not only for the common good, but also the private sector (breeding companies). It has been projected that this approach will improve selection routines, especially in species with long reproduction cycles, late or sex-limited or expensive trait recording and for complex traits. The task of integrating GS into existing breeding programs is, however, not straightforward. Despite successful integration into breeding programs for dairy cattle, it has yet to be shown how much emphasis can be given to the genomic information and how much additional phenotypic information is needed from new selection candidates. Genomic selection is already part of future planning in many breeding companies of pigs and beef cattle among others, but further research is needed to fully estimate how effective the use of genomic information will be for the prediction of the performance of future breeding stock. Genomic prediction of production in crossbreeding and across-breed schemes, costs and choice of individuals for genotyping are reasons for a reluctance to fully rely on genomic information for selection decisions. Breeding objectives are highly dependent on the industry and the additional gain when using genomic information has to be considered carefully. This review synthesizes some of the suggested approaches in selected livestock species including cattle, pig, chicken, and fish. It outlines tasks to help understanding possible consequences when applying genomic information in breeding scenarios.