Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status During Childhood Versus Puberty in Relation to Endogenous Sex Hormone Levels in Adult Women
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status During Childhood Versus Puberty in Relation to Endogenous Sex Hormone Levels in Adult Women
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DOI：
10.1097/nnr.0000000000000096
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Cedars, Marcelle I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bleil, Maria E.;Appelhans, Bradley M.;Cedars, Marcelle I.
背景：早年的社会经济逆境与成年后的心血管风险有关；然而，没有研究探讨这种逆境是否可能与内源性激素有关，内源性激素本身与心血管结局相关，或者逆境暴露的时间（童年与青春期）是否重要。 目的：本研究的目标是单独检查儿童期和青春期期间的社区社会经济地位（SES）与成年期内源性激素（雌二醇 [E-2]、睾酮）、性激素结合球蛋白水平的关系。 (SHBG) 和衍生的生物可利用睾酮指数（游离雄激素指数）。 方法：在 143 名绝经前女性样本中（平均年龄 = 36.8 [SD = 5.5]；51.7% 白人、32.2% 非裔美国人、5.6% 拉丁裔、7.0% 中国人和 3.5% 菲律宾人），回顾性报告指定童年时期和青春期被用来得出基于美国人口普查的社区 SES 综合得分，表征这些时期女性的社会经济环境。结果：在协变量调整分析中，青春期较高的社区 SES 预示着成年期的 SHBG 水平较高，但儿童期的社区 SES 则不然（标准化回归系数 = .24，p = .01 与标准化回归系数 = .04，p = .75，分别）。邻近 SES 不能预测其他激素（E-2、睾酮和游离雄激素指数）。讨论：目前的研究结果表明，青春期可能是特别容易受到邻近 SES 对 SHBG 水平影响的时期，而 SHBG 水平与心血管危险因素概况和动脉粥样硬化疾病进展有关。
Background: Socioeconomic adversity in early life is related to cardiovascular risk in adulthood; however, no studies have examined whether such adversity may be related to endogenous sex hormones, which are themselves associated with cardiovascular outcomes, or whether the timing of adversity exposures (childhood vs. puberty) matters.Objective: The goal of the current study was to separately examine neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) during periods of childhood and puberty in relation to adulthood levels of endogenous sex hormones (estradiol [E-2], testosterone), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and a derived index of bioavailable testosterone (free androgen index).Methods: In a sample of 143 premenopausal women (mean age = 36.8 [ SD = 5.5]; 51.7% White, 32.2% African American, 5.6% Latina, 7.0% Chinese, and 3.5% Filipina), retrospective reports of residential address information in designated periods of childhood and puberty were used to derive U.S. census-based neighborhood SES composite scores characterizing the socioeconomic environments of women during these periods.Results: In covariate-adjusted analyses, higher neighborhood SES in puberty predicted higher levels of SHBG in adulthood, but neighborhood SES during childhood did not (standardized regression coefficient = .24, p = .01 vs. standardized regression coefficient = .04, p = .75, respectively). Neighborhood SES was not predictive of other hormones (E-2, testosterone, and free androgen index).Discussion: The current findings suggest that puberty may be a time of particular vulnerability to the effects of neighborhood SES on SHBG levels, which have been linked to cardiovascular risk factor profiles and atherosclerotic disease progression.