The Basis of Modern Training Process Periodization in High-Performance Athletes for Year Preparation
The Basis of Modern Training Process Periodization in High-Performance Athletes for Year Preparation
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高水平运动员备战现代训练过程分期的基础
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
V. Platonov
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Platonov
最近，奥林匹克运动发生了很大的变化。在中国、日本、法国、澳大利亚和其他一些国家，随着职业化-商业化以及高效体育体系的密集发展，奥林匹克竞技场上的竞争日益激烈。体育比赛日程的不断扩大，主要是以牺牲商业部分为代价，而商业部分对联合会、运动员和教练员具有特别的吸引力，这严重阻碍了为主要比赛进行系统的运动员培训的进程，并增加了受伤和职业病的风险。现代奥林匹克运动的这些变化要求我们认真努力，进一步提高运动员的训练水平。改进运动员准备制度的最重要方向如下：-训练和竞赛活动的数量急剧增加; -克服儿童-青年体育运动中的早期体育专业化和高速准备; -从四年奥运周期和年度准备中取消一年中参加大量比赛的做法;- 制定旨在延长运动员在运动生涯最后阶段的成功表现的方法; -在训练工作总量中大幅增加额外训练，特别是特殊训练的数量;- 系统分析功能准备、对训练和竞争负荷的适应反应，以发现隐藏的功能储备和提高准备效率的方法;防止功能系统过度紧张; -严格平衡训练和比赛负荷、休息、营养、康复手段、刺激、工作能力和调动功能储备的系统; -扩大非传统的准备手段。
Lately the Olympic sport has been subject to considerable changes. It is rivalry at the Olympic arenas that has grown very much both in connection with professionalization – commercialization and with an intensive development of highly effective systems of sport in China, Japan, France, Australia and some other countries. Constant expansion of a sports competitions schedule, mainly at the expense of the commercial part, which is of special attraction for federations, athletes and coaches, significantly impeded the process of systematic athlete training for main competitions and increased a risk of injury and professional diseases. These changes in modern Olympic sport require serious efforts for further improvement of athlete training. The most important directions for the improvement of the system of athlete preparation are the following: – a sharp rise in volume of training and competitive activities; – overcoming of early sport specialization and high speed preparation in children-youth sport; – removal participation in a great number of competitions during a year from the 4-year Olympic cycles and yearly preparation; – development of methods aimed to extend a period of an athlete's successful performance at the final stages of a sportive career; – a sharp increase in volume of additional and particularly special training in a total volume of training work; – systematic analyses of functional preparedness, adaptation responses to training and competitive loads for the purpose of finding concealed functional reserves and ways of preparation efficiency increase, prevention of functional systems overstraining; – a strictly balanced system of training and competitive loads, rest, nutrition, means of rehabilitation, stimulation, work capacity and mobilization of functional reserves; – expansion of non-traditional means of preparation.