The Functions of Metallothionein and ZIP and ZnT Transporters: An Overview and Perspective.
The Functions of Metallothionein and ZIP and ZnT Transporters: An Overview and Perspective.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms17030336
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发表时间：
2016-03-04
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Kambe T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kimura T;Kambe T
人们认为大约3000种蛋白质在体内结合锌，这对应于约10％的人蛋白质组。锌作为在许多生理过程中起作用的结构，催化和信号传导成分的关键作用。与任何其他过渡金属离子相比，它被广泛用作蛋白质的结构元素，是许多酶的催化成分，并且充当细胞信号介质。因此，预计锌的代谢和稳态具有复杂的调节，并且阐明了这种基本的分子基础对于理解细胞生理学和发病机理中的锌功能至关重要。近几十年来，越来越多的证据发现了许多蛋白质在锌代谢和稳态中通过涌入，螯合，隔离，协调，释放，释放和排出锌的关键作用。金属霉素（MT）以及Zrt-和IRT样蛋白（ZIP）和Zn转运蛋白（ZNT）是主要参与这些过程的蛋白质，它们的失功能与许多遗传性疾病（如杂皮炎）相关。本评论从几个新的角度来更新了我们当前对MTS和ZIP和ZNT转运蛋白的生物学功能的理解。
Around 3000 proteins are thought to bind zinc in vivo, which corresponds to ~10% of the human proteome. Zinc plays a pivotal role as a structural, catalytic, and signaling component that functions in numerous physiological processes. It is more widely used as a structural element in proteins than any other transition metal ion, is a catalytic component of many enzymes, and acts as a cellular signaling mediator. Thus, it is expected that zinc metabolism and homeostasis have sophisticated regulation, and elucidating the underlying molecular basis of this is essential to understanding zinc functions in cellular physiology and pathogenesis. In recent decades, an increasing amount of evidence has uncovered critical roles of a number of proteins in zinc metabolism and homeostasis through influxing, chelating, sequestrating, coordinating, releasing, and effluxing zinc. Metallothioneins (MT) and Zrt- and Irt-like proteins (ZIP) and Zn transporters (ZnT) are the proteins primarily involved in these processes, and their malfunction has been implicated in a number of inherited diseases such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. The present review updates our current understanding of the biological functions of MTs and ZIP and ZnT transporters from several new perspectives.