CHEMICAL ECOLOGY AND THE SEARCH FOR MARINE ANTIFOULANTS - STUDIES OF A PREDATOR-PREY SYMBIOSIS
CHEMICAL ECOLOGY AND THE SEARCH FOR MARINE ANTIFOULANTS - STUDIES OF A PREDATOR-PREY SYMBIOSIS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf01013485
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发表时间：
1988-10-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
MAYO, SW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GERHART, DJ;RITTSCHOF, D;MAYO, SW
柳珊瑚属（腔肠动物门，珊瑚纲）的细颈柳珊瑚（Leptogorgia virgulata）很少被污损生物覆盖，并且被大多数捕食者所避开。实验室实验表明，次生代谢产物和碳酸钙针状体协同作用，以提供L。virgulata与一个有效的防御对掠食性鱼类。尽管有这些防御措施，L。virgulatais消耗的共生，营养专门的腹足类Neosimnia uniplicata，这密切模仿柳珊瑚的外观。Neosimnia uniplicatais很容易被鱼吃，似乎没有获得有效的反捕食防御从柳珊瑚宿主。柳柳珊瑚和单褶新水柳珊瑚的提取物对藤壶的附着有强烈的抑制作用。本发明涉及分离两种先前描述的二萜类烃，称为pukalide和epoxypukalide。藤壶定居的第三种抑制剂，其结构目前尚不清楚，从bothL。virgulataandN.当测定抑制藤壶沉降的能力时，这三种化合物具有19至55 ng/ml的EC 50值。这些次生代谢产物可能会阻止L. virgulataby污损生物在自然界中。L. virgulata、拟单胞藻N. uniplicata和其它海洋生物可以提供现有的基于三正丁基锡衍生物的商业防污剂的无污染替代品。
The gorgonian octocoralLeptogorgia virgulata(Phylum Coelenterata, Class Anthozoa) is rarely overgrown by fouling organisms and is avoided by most predators. Laboratory experiments suggest that secondary metabolites and calcium carbonate spicules interact synergistically to provideL. virgulatawith an effective defense against predatory fish. In spite of these defenses,L. virgulatais consumed by the symbiotic, trophically specialized gastropodNeosimnia uniplicata, which closely mimics the appearance of the gorgonian.Neosimnia uniplicatais readily eaten by fish and appears not to acquire an effective antipredator defense from its gorgonian host. Extracts ofLeptogorgia virgulataandNeosimnia uniplicatastrongly inhibited the settlement of the barnacleBalanus atnphitrite.Bioassay-directed purification of the more potent antifouling agents fromL. virgulataled to the isolation of two previously described, diterpenoid hydrocarbons, known as pukalide and epoxypukalide. A third inhibitor of barnacle settlement, whose structure is presently unknown, was obtained from bothL. virgulataandN. uniplicata.When assayed for ability to inhibit barnacle settlement, these three compounds possessed EC50values ranging from 19 to 55 ng/ml. These secondary metabolites may prevent the overgrowth ofL. virgulataby fouling organisms in nature. The allelochemicals ofL. virgulata, N. uniplicata, and other marine organisms may provide nonpolluting alternatives to existing, commercial antifoulants based on derivatives of tri-n-butyltin.