Self-Powered Cardiac Monitoring: Maintaining Vigilance With Multi-Modal Harvesting and E-Textiles
Self-Powered Cardiac Monitoring: Maintaining Vigilance With Multi-Modal Harvesting and E-Textiles
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DOI：
10.1109/jsen.2020.3017706
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发表时间：
2021-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Luis Javier Lopez Ruiz;M. Ridder;Dawei Fan;Jiaqi Gong;Braden M. Li;A. Mills;Elizabeth Cobarrubias-
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Luis Javier Lopez Ruiz;M. Ridder;Dawei Fan;Jiaqi Gong;Braden M. Li;A. Mills;Elizabeth Cobarrubias-
远程患者监控源于工程和医学的交叉领域。传感器、电路和系统的进步使得小型可穿戴设备的实现成为可能，这些设备能够长时间收集和传输数据，以帮助医生以非侵入式方式跟踪疾病和检测状况。心脏监测包括许多此类应用，需要捕获瞬态心脏事件，这促使在标准临床实践中采用可穿戴监测器。然而，用户负担和电池寿命限制了监测持续时间或需要重载循环，从而阻碍了在需要长期警惕监测的用例中采用这些技术，在这些用例中，传感器系统不能错过关键的心脏事件。为了克服这些挑战，本文介绍了一种自供电系统，用于不间断的警惕心脏和活动监测，该系统可连续感知心电图 (ECG) 和运动数据并将其传输到智能手机，而平均功耗仅为 683~\mu \text{W}$。为了在环境和可穿戴性限制下实现自供电运行，该系统采用了能量组合技术，支持从室内太阳能和热电中进行多模式能量收集。由针织压缩织物制成的定制心电图衬衫，嵌入干电极，解决了用户舒适度、皮肤刺激和运动伪影的问题。以警惕心房颤动 (AF) 监测作为示例案例研究，分析采样频率和位深度量化及其与警惕自供电操作的相关性。该集成系统展示了诊所以外的远程患者监测向前迈出的重要一步。
Remote patient monitoring has emerged from the intersection of engineering and medicine. Advances in sensors, circuits and systems have made possible the implementation of small, wearable devices capable of collecting and streaming data for long periods of time to help physicians track diseases and detect conditions in a non-intrusive manner. Cardiac monitoring comprises many of these applications, with the need to capture transient cardiac events motivating the adoption of wearable monitors in standard clinical practice. However, user burden and battery life limit the duration of monitoring or require heavy duty cycling, thus preventing the adoption of these technologies for use cases that require long-term vigilant monitoring, in which the sensor system cannot miss a critical cardiac event. To overcome these challenges, this paper introduces a self-powered system for uninterrupted vigilant cardiac and activity monitoring that senses and streams electrocardiogram (ECG) and motion data continuously to a smartphone while consuming only $683~\mu \text{W}$ on average. To achieve self-powered operation under environmental and wearability constraints, the system incorporates an energy combining technique to support multi-modal energy harvesting from indoor solar and thermoelectric energy. A custom ECG shirt made of a knitted compression fabric with embedded dry electrodes addresses issues of user comfort, skin irritation and motion artifacts. Vigilant Atrial Fibrillation (AF) monitoring is used as an example case study, analyzing sampling frequency and bit-depth quantization and their correlation to vigilant, self-powered operation. The integrated system demonstrates an important step forward for remote patient monitoring beyond the clinic.