Atmospheric observations of carbon monoxide and fossil fuel CO2 emissions from East Asia
Atmospheric observations of carbon monoxide and fossil fuel CO2 emissions from East Asia
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DOI：
10.1029/2011jd016691
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发表时间：
2011-12
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Turnbull;P. Tans;S. Lehman;D. Baker;T. Conway;Y. Chung;J. Gregg;John B. Miller;J. Southon-J.-S
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Turnbull;P. Tans;S. Lehman;D. Baker;T. Conway;Y. Chung;J. Gregg;John B. Miller;J. Southon-J.-S
[1]对来自东亚的韩国大安半岛(TAP)和中国上甸子(SDZ)两个地点的烧瓶样品进行了包括二氧化碳、CO和化石燃料二氧化碳(CO2ff)在内的痕量气体的测量，这些气体来自Δ14CO2观测。五年的TAP记录显示，当当地空气来自朝鲜半岛时，CO2ff很高。然而，大多数样本反映的是来自东北中国的气团，二氧化碳含量较低。我们从2009/2010年冬季采集的少量SDZ样本强烈升高了CO2ff。生物圈二氧化碳对这两个地点的总二氧化碳变异性有很大贡献，即使在冬季，非化石二氧化碳来源(包括光合作用、呼吸作用、生物质燃烧和生物燃料使用)贡献了总二氧化碳增加的20%-30%。一氧化碳(CO)与CO2ff有很强的相关性。SDZ和TAP远场(中国影响)样品的CO：CO2ff比值(RCO：CO2ff)分别为47±2和44±3ppb/ppm，这与最近的自下而上清单估计和其他观测研究一致。受当地影响的水龙头样本分为两个不同的数据集，归因于来自韩国和朝鲜的空气。韩国样本的RCO：CO2ff值较低，为13±3 ppb/ppm，略高于自下而上的清单，但与其他发达国家的排放比率一致。我们使用FLEXPART拉格朗日粒子弥散模型与自下而上的CO2ff排放清单卷积，将我们的CO2ff观测结果与模拟的CO2ff进行了比较。当模型清单包括2004年至2010年报告的中国排放量增加63%时，模拟的年平均CO2ff摩尔分数与我们的观察结果一致，而保持中国排放量持平的模型版本无法复制观察结果。
[1] Flask samples from two sites in East Asia, Tae-Ahn Peninsula, Korea (TAP), and Shangdianzi, China (SDZ), were measured for trace gases including CO2, CO and fossil fuel CO2 (CO2ff, derived from Δ14CO2observations). The five-year TAP record shows high CO2ff when local air comes from the Korean Peninsula. Most samples, however, reflect air masses from Northeastern China with lower CO2ff. Our small set of SDZ samples from winter 2009/2010 have strongly elevated CO2ff. Biospheric CO2 contributes substantially to total CO2variability at both sites, even in winter when non-fossil CO2 sources (including photosynthesis, respiration, biomass burning and biofuel use) contribute 20–30% of the total CO2 enhancement. Carbon monoxide (CO) correlates strongly with CO2ff. The SDZ and TAP far-field (China influenced) samples have CO: CO2ff ratios (RCO:CO2ff) of 47 ± 2 and 44 ± 3 ppb/ppm respectively, consistent with recent bottom-up inventory estimates and other observational studies. Locally influenced TAP samples fall into two distinct data sets, ascribed to air sourced from South Korea and North Korea. The South Korea samples have low RCO:CO2ffof 13 ± 3 ppb/ppm, slightly higher than bottom-up inventories, but consistent with emission ratios for other developed nations. We compare our CO2ff observations with modeled CO2ff using the FLEXPART Lagrangian particle dispersion model convolved with a bottom-up CO2ff emission inventories. The modeled annual mean CO2ff mole fractions are consistent with our observations when the model inventory includes the reported 63% increase in Chinese emissions from 2004 to 2010, whereas a model version which holds Chinese emissions flat is unable to replicate the observations.