FOOT TRAJECTORY IN HUMAN GAIT - A PRECISE AND MULTIFACTORIAL MOTOR CONTROL TASK
FOOT TRAJECTORY IN HUMAN GAIT - A PRECISE AND MULTIFACTORIAL MOTOR CONTROL TASK
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DOI：
10.1093/ptj/72.1.45
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发表时间：
1992-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
WINTER, DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
WINTER, DA
分析了青壮年人体步态摇摆阶段脚跟和脚趾的运动轨迹。对11名受试者进行了10次重复步行试验，记录了最小脚趾间隙和脚跟接触速度的大小和可变性。控制步长的能量学来源于一项独立的研究，该研究对55个以慢速、自然和快节奏行走的受试者进行了步行试验。对脚趾间隙和脚跟接触速度测量的敏感性分析揭示了连杆链中每个关节的个体变化，这些变化可能导致这些测量的变化。脚趾间隙非常小（1.29厘米），变异性很低（约4毫米）。脚跟接触速度在垂直方向上可以忽略不计，在水平方向上很小（0.87 m/s）。连杆-节段链中的6个关节可以以非常小的变化（+/- 0.86度- +/- 3.3度）独立地解释脚趾间隙的变化。在脚链中，只有一个肌肉群（摇摆阶段的腿筋肌肉）可以在脚后跟接触之前改变脚后跟接触速度。步态中的四个机械动力阶段（踝关节蹬离、髋部蹬离、蹬离时膝关节伸肌偏心力和与脚跟接触前膝关节屈肌偏心力）可以改变步长和节奏。这些分析表明，摆动过程中足部的安全轨迹是一项精确的终点控制任务，该任务是在站立和摆动肢体的多段电机控制下完成的。
The trajectory of the heel and toe during the swing phase of human gait were analyzed on young adults. The magnitude and variability of minimum toe clearance and heel-contact velocity were documented on 10 repeat walking trials on 11 subjects. The energetics that controlled step length resulted from a separate study of 55 walking trials conducted on subjects walking at slow, natural, and fast cadences. A sensitivity analysis of the toe clearance and heel-contact velocity measures revealed the individual changes at each joint in the link-segment chain that could be responsible for changes in those measures. Toe clearance was very small (1.29 cm) and had low variability (about 4 mm). Heel-contact velocity was negligible vertically and small (0.87 m/s) horizontally. Six joints in the link-segment chain could, with very small changes (+/- 0.86-degrees- +/- 3.3-degrees), independently account for toe clearance variability. Only one muscle group in the chain (swing-phase hamstring muscles) could be responsible for altering the heel-contact velocity prior to heel contact. Four mechanical power phases in gait (ankle push-off, hip pull-off, knee extensor eccentric power at push-off, and knee flexor eccentric power prior to heel contact) could alter step length and cadence. These analyses demonstrate that the safe trajectory of the foot during swing is a precise end-point control task that is under the multisegment motor control of both the stance and swing limbs.