Global Markets and Regional Industrialization: The Emergence of the Saxon Textile Industry, 1790–1914
Global Markets and Regional Industrialization: The Emergence of the Saxon Textile Industry, 1790–1914
复制标题
全球市场和区域工业化：撒克逊纺织业的兴起，1790-1914 年
DOI：
10.1057/9781137333414_8
复制
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Schäfer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Schäfer
萨克森通常被认为是19世纪德国的主要工业区之一。工业化进程很早就开始了，这显然与该地区的“原始工业”根源密切相关。自从在与波希米亚接壤的山区林地发现银以来，萨克森一直在为该地区以外的市场生产商品。几个世纪以来，厄尔士山脉地区几乎遍布着矿山、铸造厂和锻造厂，在那里提取和加工了一系列令人印象深刻的金属和矿物：银、铜、锡、铁、锌、镍、钴，甚至铀。家庭工人生产餐具和其他家庭用品，乐器或木制玩具。从世纪开始，花边、丝带和镶边的制作就传遍了整个矿石山脉。许多其他纺织品是在厄尔士山脉北部和西部的低地地区制造的：在沃格特兰和切姆尼茨地区，以及更东边的上卢萨蒂亚（上劳西茨）。但是，从15世纪90年代到16世纪20年代的银繁荣的鼎盛时期以来，矿石开采一直在下降，因此在工业革命中只扮演了一个次要角色。对于萨克森世纪的工业转型来说，更重要的当然是纺织业的各个分支。[1]
Saxony is commonly regarded one of the main industrial regions of 19th-century Germany. Industrialization processes started early and appar-ently this was closely connected to the region’s ‘proto-industrial’ roots. Saxony had been producing goods for markets outside the region itself ever since silver ore had been discovered in the mountainous woodlands bordering Bohemia. For centuries the Erzgebirge – Ore Mountains – region was virtually scattered with mines, foundries and forges where quite an impressive range of metals and minerals was extracted and proc-essed: silver, copper, tin, iron, zinc, nickel, cobalt, even uranium. Home workers produced cutlery and other household goods, musical instru-ments or wooden toys. Lace-, ribbon- and border-making had spread throughout the Ore Mountains from the 16th century onwards. Many other textile goods were manufactured in the lower regions north and west of the Erzgebirge proper: in the Vogtland as well as in the Chemnitz area, and further east in Upper Lusatia (Oberlausitz). But ore mining had been declining ever since the heydays of the silver boom in the 1490s to the 1520s and thus played only a minor role in the Industrial Revolution. More important for the industrial transformation of Saxony in the 19th century were certainly the various branches of textile manufacture.1