The notion of time in symptom experiences
The notion of time in symptom experiences
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DOI：
10.1097/00006199-200311000-00009
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发表时间：
2003-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Swenson, KK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Henly, SJ;Kallas, KD;Swenson, KK
背景。与症状存在相关的不愉快感觉的体验会促使自我护理或帮助寻求症状的解释、管理情绪反应或获得缓解和消除症状的治疗。目的：本文的目的是总结和评论三种现有的症状理论，特别关注时间因素。方法：随着症状体验的时间维度和症状管理过程的阐明，综合现有的理论。临床实例和实证研究的结果说明了关键点。讨论：描述症状体验和症状管理过程的现有理论隐含地提到了时间的作用或使用有限的时间维度。时间症状体验（SET）理论是作为现有理论的综合和扩展而提出的。将症状体验视为一个明确包含时间维度的流程。人们认识到时间的四个维度：时钟日历、生物社会、感知时间和超越时间。四个时间维度被置于“时间意义”的背景下，这带来了症状体验转变的潜力。测试和评估基于 SET 理论的命题需要提高设计、测量和数据分析的复杂性。 结论：SET 理论通过纳入多个时间维度来扩展之前的工作，这些时间维度反映了人类在症状表达和管理中表现出的健康和疾病体验。
Background. The experience of unpleasant sensations associated with the presence of symptoms prompts self-care or help seeking to obtain explanations for the symptoms, manage emotional responses, or obtain treatment for symptom alleviation and elimination.Objective: The purpose of this article is to summarize and comment on three existing symptom theories, with special attention to temporal factors.Methods: Existing theories are synthesized as the time dimensions of symptom experiences and symptom management processes are elucidated. Clinical examples and findings from empirical studies illustrate critical points.Discussion: Existing theories describing the symptom experience and the process of symptom management refer implicitly to the role of time or use limited dimensions of time. Symptom experiences in time (SET) theory is proposed as a e synthesis and extension of existing theories. conceives the symptom experience as a flow process that explicitly incorporates temporal dimensions. Four dimensions of time are recognized: clock-calendar, biologic-social, perceived, and transcendent time. The four temporal dimensions are placed against a backdrop of "meaning-in-time" that brings forth the potential for transformation in a symptom experience. Increasing sophistication in design, measurement, and data analysis is required to test and evaluate SET theory-based propositions.Conclusions: The SET theory extends previous work by incorporating multiple temporal dimensions that reflect the human experience of health and illness manifested in the expression and management of symptoms.