Biomagnification of p, p′-DDT and Methoxychlor by Bacteria
Biomagnification of p, p′-DDT and Methoxychlor by Bacteria
复制标题
细菌对 p, p-DDT 和甲氧滴滴涕的生物放大作用
DOI：
10.1128/am.26.1.66-71.1973
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发表时间：
1973
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jack O. Kennedy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. T. Johnson;Jack O. Kennedy
产气芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌直接从水中积累p，p′-DDT和甲氧滴滴涕。两个14 C标记的有机氯杀虫剂的吸收是迅速的，80至90%的24小时内的残留量在30分钟内达到。总细胞残留量线性变化的DDT和甲氧滴滴涕在水中的浓度范围为0.5至5.0 μg/L。水中的残留放大系数在1，400至4，300倍之间，但与水中的杀虫剂浓度无关。用无农药水冲洗暴露于DDT的微生物细胞，A.产气菌和30%的B。枯草杆菌，而甲氧滴滴涕水平下降近75%，在这两种生物体。随后的洗涤没有进一步减少杀虫剂残留。高压灭菌器杀死的细菌也迅速吸附滴滴涕和甲氧滴滴涕从水中，在某些情况下，残留物高于活细胞。分子极性和脂溶性似乎会影响细菌细胞对有机氯杀虫剂的保留。
Aerobacter aerogenes and Bacillus subtilis accumulated p, p′-DDT and methoxychlor directly from water. Uptake of both 14C-labeled organochlorine insecticides was rapid; 80 to 90% of the 24-h residues were reached within 30 min. Total cellular residues varied linearly with concentrations of DDT and methoxychlor in water ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 μg/liter. The residue magnification factors from water were between 1,400- to 4,300-fold, but were independent of insecticide concentrations in water. When the insecticide-exposed microbial cells were washed with pesticide-free water, DDT residues were 45% in A. aerogenes and 30% in B. subtilis, whereas the methoxychlor level decreased nearly 75% in both organisms. Subsequent washing did not further reduce the insecticide residue. Autoclave-killed bacteria also rapidly adsorbed DDT and methoxychlor from water and, in some instances, residues were higher than in the living cells. Molecular polarity and lipid solubility appear to influence the retention of the organochlorine insecticides by bacterial cells.