Octopus sucker-arm coordination in grasping and manipulation
Octopus sucker-arm coordination in grasping and manipulation
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DOI：
10.4003/0740-2783-24.1.13
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发表时间：
2008-03-21
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Grasso, Frank W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Grasso, Frank W.
在自然环境中，章鱼使用它们的手臂和吸盘执行各种灵活的操作任务，如从缝隙和洞穴中提取猎物，打开双壳贝壳，以及在洞穴入口处安排蚊子。章鱼在一个表面上使用多个吸盘作为动力抓取，以支持它们的运动或允许动物携带或移动小物体。与鱿鱼捕食类似，章鱼可以从身体伸出一只手臂，连接一组远端吸盘，并通过缩短手臂将物体拉向自己。我调查了章鱼在受控、可重复的实验室条件下，在类似的任务中使用吸盘的情况。因为更大的吸盘可以产生更大的粘附力，我假设在需要手臂施加更大的力的任务中，朝着手臂底部的更大的吸盘会更好。章鱼没有使用与鱿鱼触角相同的策略：将产生适当力量的吸盘施加到表面，然后抬起或拉动手臂。相反，在许多情况下，他们使用不同的手臂动作结合不同的吸盘功能组。此外，不同的武器扮演着不同的角色。当动物被限制使用一只手臂时，它们更喜欢在手臂的中间位置使用吸盘来支持这种协调的手臂吸盘活动。与认为吸盘是被动的对表面接触做出反应的观点相反，这些结果与章鱼手臂的已知神经组织以及在执行操作任务时复杂的吸盘-手臂协调一致。
In natural settings octopuses use their arms and suckers in a variety of dexterous manipulation tasks, such as extracting prey from crevices and burrows, opening bivalve shells, and arranging middens in front of den entrances. Octopuses use multiple suckers on a single surface for a power grasp that supports their locomotion or permits the animal to carry or move small objects. Similar to squids engaged in prey capture, octopuses can project an arm from their body, attach a group of distal suckers, and pull an object toward themselves by shortening the arm. I investigated octopuses' use of suckers in similar tasks under controlled, reproducible laboratory conditions. Because larger suckers can generate larger adhesion forces, I hypothesized that the larger suckers toward the base of the arm would be preferred in tasks requiring the arm to employ greater forces. Octopuses did not use the strategy found in squid tentacles: applying suckers of appropriate force generation to a surface and lifting or pulling the arm. Instead, in many cases they used a variety of arm movements in combination with different functional groups of suckers. In addition, different arms performed different roles. When animals were restricted to the use of a single arm, they preferred to use suckers in the middle positions of the arm to support this coordinated arm-sucker activity. Contrary to a view of suckers as passive agents reflexively reacting to surface contact, these results are consistent with the known neural organization of the octopus arm and also with complex sucker-arm coordination in the performance of manipulation tasks.