A Multilevel Coding Scheme for Multi-Valued Physical Unclonable Functions
A Multilevel Coding Scheme for Multi-Valued Physical Unclonable Functions
复制标题
多值物理不可克隆函数的多级编码方案
DOI：
10.1109/tifs.2021.3089883
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Sven Müelich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sven Müelich
物理不可克隆函数 (PUF) 通过利用集成电路中由于物理物品制造过程中的不可控变化而固有发生的随机性来产生响应。 PUF 生成二进制响应是常见的做法。最近，有人提出从高阶字母表中提取符号，以增加最终响应的长度。在本文中，多值 PUF (MV-PUF) 概念的编码源自数字通信中脉冲幅度调制的类比。为此，基于 ROPUF 测量数据，我们用合适的加性高斯白噪声模型代替了经典的二元对称信道模型。因此，硬输入二进制信道编码方案被利用软输出的编码调制方法所取代。此外，稳定嘈杂的 PUF 响应所需的辅助数据的功能也被转移到多值情况。通过将设计的方法应用于可用的测量数据，我们最终表明，想象在 AWGN 信道上观察到的模拟 PUF 输出作为二进制幅移键控符号，每个响应符号提取的熵和最终密钥的可靠性都可以增加。
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) produce responses by exploiting randomness that intrinsically occurs in integrated circuits due to uncontrollable variations in the manufacturing process of physical items. It is common practice that PUFs generate binary responses. Recently, it has been proposed to extract symbols from a higher-order alphabet in order to increase the length of the final response. In this paper, coding for this concept of multi-valued PUFs (MV-PUFs) is derived from the analogy to pulse-amplitude modulation in digital communications. To that end, based on ROPUF measurement data, we replace the classical binary symmetric channel model by a suited additive white Gaussian noise model. Consequently, the hard-input binary channel coding scheme is replaced by methods from coded modulation, utilizing the soft output. In addition, the functionality of helper data, which are required to stabilize noisy PUF responses, is transferred to the multi-valued case. By applying the designed methods to the available measurement data we eventually show that imagining the analog PUF output as-ary amplitude-shift keying symbols observed over an AWGN channel, both the extracted entropy per response symbol and the reliability of the final key can be increased.