Human pharmacology of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("ecstasy"):: Psychomotor performance and subjective effects
Human pharmacology of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ("ecstasy"):: Psychomotor performance and subjective effects
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DOI：
10.1097/00004714-200008000-00010
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发表时间：
2000-08-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
de la Torre, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camí, J;Farré, M;de la Torre, R
3，4-亚甲基二氧基甲基苯丙胺(MDMA，“摇头丸”)是一种娱乐性毒品，越来越多地在青年中使用，因为它具有明显的内源性特性，如快感、友好、亲密和同理心。然而，实验研究表明，MDMA具有神经毒性。有关MDMA在人体内的药理作用的数据有限。作者进行了一项随机、双盲、交叉、对照试验，以评估8名健康男性志愿者的精神运动表现和主观影响。MDMA的剂量范围与娱乐用途相同(75毫克和125毫克)，苯丙胺(40毫克)和安慰剂作为参考化合物。在数字符号替代测试(DSST)中，MDMA-125的反应略有下降，苯丙胺的反应略有改善。对于Maddox机翼装置，与其他药物条件相比，MDMA-125引起内焦虑症。MDMA-125和MDMA-75增加了欣快感和幸福感，正如在成瘾研究中心问卷(ARCI)MBG和A量表上的分数增加，以及在视觉模拟量表上的“刺激”、“良好效果”、“喜欢”和“兴奋”分数的增加所注意到的那样，安非他明的注射产生了类似的效果。同时，MDMA-125增强了镇静和烦躁相关的影响(ARCI-PCAG和LSD、“迷惑”、“醉酒”和心境状态迷惑量表)。据报道，在使用MDMA后，一些与身体知觉相关的感觉也发生了轻微的变化，但没有出现幻觉或精神病。总而言之，短期服用MDMA产生了明显的欣快感，精神运动任务的表现轻微受损，身体知觉没有幻觉的轻微变化。这些数据支持摇头丸的滥用责任。
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "ecstasy") is a recreational drug of increasing use among youth because of its apparent entactogenic properties, such as euphoria, friendliness, closeness, and empathy. However, experimental studies have shown MDMA to be neurotoxic. Data on pharmacologic actions of MDMA in humans are limited. The authors conducted a randomized, double-blind, crossover, controlled trial to assess psychomotor performance and subjective effects in eight healthy male volunteers. MDMA was given in the same range of doses used for recreational purposes (75 and 125 mg), Amphetamine (40 mg) and placebo were used as reference compounds. For the digit-symbol substitution test (DSST), MDMA-125 produced a mild decrease in responses, and amphetamine produced a mild improvement. For the Maddox wing device, MDMA-125 induced esophoria compared with the other drug conditions. MDMA-125 and MDMA-75 produced increases in feelings of euphoria and well-being, as noted by increases in scores on the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI) MBG and A scales, as well as scores of "stimulated," "good effects," "liking," and "high" on the visual analog scales, Amphetamine administration induced similar effects. At the same time, MDMA-125 enhanced sedation- and dysphoria-related effects (ARCI-PCAG and LSD, "confusion," "drunken," and Profile of Mood States Confusion scale). Mild changes in some body perception-related feelings were also reported after MDMA use, but hallucinations or psychoses were not present. In summary, the short-term administration of MDMA produced marked euphoria, a slight impairment in the performance of psychomotor tasks, and mild changes in body perceptions without hallucinations. These data support the abuse liability of MDMA.