Disease dynamics and costly punishment can foster socially imposed monogamy.
Disease dynamics and costly punishment can foster socially imposed monogamy.
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms11219
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发表时间：
2016-04-05
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
McElreath R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bauch CT;McElreath R
社会强加给人类的一夫一妻制是一个进化难题，因为它需要那些强加规范的人付出昂贵的惩罚。此外，大多数社会过去和现在都是一夫多妻制;然而，随着农业和更大的居住群体的出现，许多更大的人类社会从一夫多妻制过渡到社会强加的一夫一妻制。我们使用一个模拟模型来探讨群体规模，性传播感染（STI）的动态和社会规范之间的相互作用可以解释社会强加的一夫一妻制的时间和出现。当群体太小而无法维持性传播感染时，一夫多妻制占主导地位。然而，在较大的群体中，性传播感染成为地方病（特别是在同时存在的一夫多妻制网络中），并对生育率产生影响，从而介导多层次选择。惩罚一夫多妻制者可以通过减少性传播感染风险来改善群体内的一夫一妻制适应度，也可以通过惩罚一夫一妻制群体来战胜一夫多妻制者来改善群体之间的适应度。这为社会强加的一夫一妻制的出现提供了途径，并丰富了我们对代价高昂的惩罚进化的理解。 随着群体规模的增加，许多人类社会从一夫多妻制过渡到社会强加的一夫一妻制。使用模拟模型，作者表明，随着群体规模的增长，性传播感染对一夫多妻制者施加了更重的健康惩罚，使惩罚一夫多妻制的一夫一妻制者能够在大群体中茁壮成长。
Socially imposed monogamy in humans is an evolutionary puzzle because it requires costly punishment by those who impose the norm. Moreover, most societies were—and are—polygynous; yet many larger human societies transitioned from polygyny to socially imposed monogamy beginning with the advent of agriculture and larger residential groups. We use a simulation model to explore how interactions between group size, sexually transmitted infection (STI) dynamics and social norms can explain the timing and emergence of socially imposed monogamy. Polygyny dominates when groups are too small to sustain STIs. However, in larger groups, STIs become endemic (especially in concurrent polygynist networks) and have an impact on fertility, thereby mediating multilevel selection. Punishment of polygynists improves monogamist fitness within groups by reducing their STI exposure, and between groups by enabling punishing monogamist groups to outcompete polygynists. This suggests pathways for the emergence of socially imposed monogamy, and enriches our understanding of costly punishment evolution. Many human societies transitioned from polygyny to socially imposed monogamy as group sizes increased. Using a simulation model, the authors show that sexually transmitted infections impose heavier fitness penalties on polygynists as group size grows, enabling monogamists who punish polygyny to thrive in large groups.