Exposure Assessment of Infants to Aflatoxin M₁ through Consumption of Breast Milk and Infant Powdered Milk in Brazil.
Exposure Assessment of Infants to Aflatoxin M₁ through Consumption of Breast Milk and Infant Powdered Milk in Brazil.
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DOI：
10.3390/toxins8090246
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发表时间：
2016-08-31
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Itano EN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ishikawa AT;Takabayashi-Yamashita CR;Ono EY;Bagatin AK;Rigobello FF;Kawamura O;Hirooka EY;Itano EN
黄曲霉毒素M1(AFM1)是一种重要的生物标志物，可用于评估黄曲霉毒素在人和动物中的暴露情况。这项研究的目的是通过食用巴西的母乳和婴儿奶粉来评估婴儿接触AFM1的程度。为此，根据在巴西南部采集的94个母乳样本和在巴西普遍商业化的16个婴儿奶粉样本中分析的AFM1水平，计算了婴儿的估计日摄入量。BM和IPM中分别有5.3%(n=5)和43.8%(n=7)检出AFM1，平均水平分别为0.003 ng/g和0.011 ng/g。所有IPM样本的AFM1含量均低于巴西准则所确定的水平(5 ng/g)，大多数样本(81.25%)的含量低于欧盟委员会允许的最高限量(0.025 ng/g)。0至12个月婴儿AFM1EDI值为：BM为0.018~0.069 ng/kg体重/天，IPM为0.078~0.306 ng/kg体重/天。BM和IPM的危险指数(HI)值均小于1，但1个月以下婴儿的IPM除外。总而言之，婴儿接触AFM1的风险较低，但持续监测真菌毒素水平对于将婴儿健康风险降至最低至关重要。
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is an important biomarker that can be used to evaluate aflatoxin exposure in both humans and animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure degree of infants to AFM1 through consumption of breast milk and infant powdered milk in Brazil. For this purpose, the estimated daily intake (EDI) for infants was calculated based on the AFM1 levels analyzed in 94 breast milk (BM) samples collected in Southern Brazil, and 16 infant powdered milk (IPM) samples commonly commercialized in Brazil. AFM1 was detected in 5.3% (n = 5) and 43.8% (n = 7) of BM and IPM samples, with mean levels of 0.003 ng/g and 0.011 ng/g, respectively. All the IPM samples showed AFM1 levels lower than those established by the Brazilian guidelines (5 ng/g), and in most of the samples (81.25%) levels were below the maximum limit tolerated by the European Commission (0.025 ng/g). The EDI of AFM1 for infants aged zero to 12 months old showed values from 0.018 to 0.069 ng/kg body weight/day for BM, and 0.078 to 0.306 ng/kg body weight/day for IPM. Hazard index (HI) values for BM and IPM were less than one, except for IPM intended for infants up to one month. In conclusion, the exposure of infants to AFM1 was low, but continuous monitoring of mycotoxin levels is essential to minimize infant health risk.