Genetic and environmental influences on the development of intelligence
Genetic and environmental influences on the development of intelligence
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1019772628912
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发表时间：
2002-07-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Boomsma, DI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bartels, M;Rietveld, MJH;Boomsma, DI
作为一个关于智力、大脑功能和行为问题的纵向项目的一部分，对209对5岁、7岁、10岁和12岁的双胞胎进行了智力测量。智力在5岁、7岁和10岁时用RAKIT进行测量，RAKIT是一种著名的荷兰智力测试，由6个子量表组成。在12岁时，执行完整的WISC-R(12个子量表)。这两项智力测试都得出了完整的智商(FSIQ)。随着时间的推移，相关系数很高：(r(5-7)=.65；r(5-10)=.65；r(5-12)=.64；r(7-10)=.72；r(7-12)=.69和r(10-12)=.78)。遗传分析表明，所有年龄段都有显著的遗传力，随着多年来遗传影响的预期增加和共同环境影响的减少。遗传影响似乎是一般认知能力连续性背后的主要驱动力，表现为影响所有年龄段的FSIQ的共同因素。共同的环境影响对认知能力发展的稳定和变化负责，分别表现为影响所有年龄段的FSIQ的共同因素和特定年龄的影响。
Measures of intelligence were collected in 209 twin pairs at 5, 7, 10, and 12 years of age, as part of a longitudinal project on intelligence, brain function, and behavioral problems. Intelligence was measured at 5, 7, and 10 years of age with the RAKIT, a well-known Dutch intelligence test, consisting of 6 subscales. At 12 years of age, the complete WISC-R was administered (12 subscales). Both intelligence tests resulted in a measure of full-scale IQ (FSIQ). Participation rate is around 93% at age 12. Correlation coefficients over time are high: (r(5-7) = .65; r(5-10) = .65; r(5-12) = .64; r(7-10) = .72; r(7-12) = .69 and r(10-12) = .78). Genetic analyses show significant heritabilities at all ages, with the expected increase of genetic influences and decrease of shared environmental influences over the years. Genetic influences seem to be the main driving force behind continuity in general cognitive ability, represented by a common factor influencing FSIQ at all ages. Shared environmental influences are responsible for stability as well as change in the development of cognitive abilities, represented by a common factor influencing FSIQ at all ages and age-specific influences, respectively.