Diversification of acorn worms (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta) revealed in the deep sea
Diversification of acorn worms (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta) revealed in the deep sea
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2011.1916
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发表时间：
2012-04-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Holland, Nicholas D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Osborn, Karen J.;Kuhnz, Linda A.;Holland, Nicholas D.
半索动物门（英语：Hemichordata phylum），虽然因为其与脊索动物的密切关系而被广泛研究，但长期以来一直被认为是浅水穴居动物。本文件根据高分辨率成像和遥控潜水器取样记录的深海肠呼吸菌物种数量增加了一倍多。我们提供的直接证据表明，一些enteroclasts是高度流动的，利用姿势和电流之间的变化，以喂养站点漂移，是深，底栖群落的突出成员。此外，我们还提供了每个物种的生态信息。我们还表明，尽管他们的形态多样性很大，最深的生活enteroprosts形成一个单一的分支（重新诊断家庭Torquaratoridae）的基础上的rDNA序列和形态的长鼻骨架和stomochord。扭角类的系统发育位置表明，该群体从近岸祖先进化后，在深海中广泛辐射。
Enteropneusts (phylum Hemichordata), although studied extensively because of their close relationship to chordates, have long been considered shallow-water, burrowing animals. The present paper more than doubles the number of enteropneust species recorded in the deep sea based on high-resolution imaging and sampling with remotely operated vehicles. We provide direct evidence that some enteropneusts are highly mobile-using changes in posture and currents to drift between feeding sites-and are prominent members of deep, epibenthic communities. In addition, we provide ecological information for each species. We also show that despite their great morphological diversity, most deep-living enteropneusts form a single clade (the rediagnosed family Torquaratoridae) on the basis of rDNA sequences and morphology of the proboscis skeleton and stomochord. The phylogenetic position of the torquaratorids indicates that the group, after evolving from near-shore ancestors, radiated extensively in the deep sea.