LWamides from Cnidaria constitute a novel family of neuropeptides with morphogenetic activity
LWamides from Cnidaria constitute a novel family of neuropeptides with morphogenetic activity
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00365801
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发表时间：
1996-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Plickert, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gajewski, M;Leitz, T;Plickert, G
从珊瑚虫Anthopleura elegantissima中分离出的变形蛋白A（MMA）最近被证明能干扰棘海葵的发育控制。为了确定在这个物种中的功能同源物，我们已经克隆了cDNA的前体蛋白Hydractinia和比较，前体序列从两个进一步的珊瑚虫。推导的前原蛋白含有多个拷贝的前肽被加工成各种各样的新的神经肽，其中大多数是N-末端不同于MMA。原始MMA仅包含在珊瑚虫前体中。大多数新的神经肽将具有羧基末端LWamide。因此，我们将这种新的神经肽家族称为LWamides。根据H.刺状的，并添加到浮板触发变态。相比之下，包括酰胺化神经肽在内的11种其他已知的生物活性肽均无效。通过原位杂交和抗H. echinata肽揭示了在适当的时间和预期在变态中的天然作用的适当的空间位置在浮浪中存在基因产物。LWamides的转录本也在原发性和成人息肉的神经细胞中观察到，这表明LWamides是一个多功能的神经肽家族。
Metamorphosin A (MMA) isolated from the anthozoan Anthopleura elegantissima has recently been shown to interfere with developmental control in the colonial hydroid Hydractinia echinata. In order to identify the functional homologue in this species we have cloned cDNAs of the precursor protein from Hydractinia and, for comparison, precursor sequences from two further anthozoans. The deduced preproproteins contain multiple copies of propeptides to be processed into a great variety of novel neuropeptides most of which are N-terminally different from MMA. Original MMA is only contained in the anthozoan precursors. Most of the novel neuropeptides will have the carboxyl terminus LWamide. Therefore, we term this novel neuropeptide family the LWamides. Peptides synthesized according to the precursor sequence of H. echinata and added to planulae trigger metamorphosis. In contrast, none of 11 other known biologically active peptides including carboxamidated neuropeptides were effective. Expression analysis by in situ hybridization and by antibodies against the H. echinata peptide reveals the presence of the gene product in planulae at the proper time and at the due spatial location expected for a natural role in metamorphosis. LWamide transcripts are also observed in nerve cells of primary and adult polyps, suggesting LWamides to be a multifunctional family of neuropeptides.