Individual-based measurements of light intensity provide new insights into the effects of artificial light at night on daily rhythms of urban-dwelling songbirds
Individual-based measurements of light intensity provide new insights into the effects of artificial light at night on daily rhythms of urban-dwelling songbirds
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2656.12150
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Partecke, Jesko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dominoni, Davide M.;Carmona-Wagner, Esther O.;Partecke, Jesko
近年来，人们对光污染对动物日常和季节性周期的影响越来越感兴趣，导致了研究的蓬勃发展。在鸟类中，人们假设夜间的人造光会影响日常行为，但需要注意的是，人们对鸟类等野生动物在夜间暴露的光照强度缺乏了解。生物体自然进化出了每日节律，以适应昼夜24小时的循环，因此，重要的是要研究由于全球人为过程（如城市化）而导致的日周期的潜在变化。我们捕获了成年雄性欧洲黑鸟（Turdus merula）在一个农村森林和两个城市网站不同的人为干扰的程度。我们用光记录器标记这些鸟类，并通过自动遥测系统同时记录活动状态（活动/非活动）的变化。我们首先分析了夜间光线、天气条件和日期与日常活动开始和结束之间的关系。然后，我们比较了活动，在夜间曝光和噪声水平之间的工作日和weeks.Onset的日常活动是显着提前在两个城市的网站相比，农村人口，而每天活动的结束并没有改变之间的网站。在深夜暴露于较高光量的鸟类在早晨表现出较早的活动，但夜间的光线并不影响日常活动的结束。夜间光照和日常活动的开始/结束时间在工作日和周末之间没有差异，但所有噪音变量都有差异。在城市和农村人群中都检测到了强烈的季节效应，例如鸟类在繁殖季节的早期往往在早上和晚上（相对于民用黄昏）比在后期更活跃。我们的研究结果指出，夜间人工照明是日常活动时间变化的主要驱动力。未来的研究应该集中在城市地区鸟类生活节奏改变的成本和收益上。
The growing interest in the effects of light pollution on daily and seasonal cycles of animals has led to a boost of research in recent years. In birds, it has been hypothesized that artificial light at night can affect daily aspects of behaviour, but one caveat is the lack of knowledge about the light intensity that wild animals, such as birds, are exposed to during the night.Organisms have naturally evolved daily rhythms to adapt to the 24-h cycle of day and night, thus, it is important to investigate the potential shifts in daily cycles due to global anthropogenic processes such as urbanization.We captured adult male European blackbirds (Turdus merula) in one rural forest and two urban sites differing in the degree of anthropogenic disturbance. We tagged these birds with light loggers and simultaneously recorded changes in activity status (active/non-active) through an automated telemetry system. We first analysed the relationship between light at night, weather conditions and date with daily activity onset and end. We then compared activity, light at night exposure and noise levels between weekdays and weekends.Onset of daily activity was significantly advanced in both urban sites compared to the rural population, while end of daily activity did not vary either among sites. Birds exposed to higher amounts of light in the late night showed earlier onset of activity in the morning, but light at night did not influence end of daily activity. Light exposure at night and onset/end of daily activity timing was not different between weekdays and weekends, but all noise variables were. A strong seasonal effect was detected in both urban and rural populations, such as birds tended to be active earlier in the morning and later in the evening (relative to civil twilight) in the early breeding season than at later stages.Our results point at artificial light at night as a major driver of change in timing of daily activity. Future research should focus on the costs and benefits of altered daily rhythmicity in birds thriving in urban areas.