Gender, Residential Location, and Household Travel: Empirical Findings from Low‐income Urban Settlements in Durban, South Africa
Gender, Residential Location, and Household Travel: Empirical Findings from Low‐income Urban Settlements in Durban, South Africa
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性别、居住地点和家庭旅行：南非德班低收入城市住区的实证研究结果
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发表时间：
2007
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通讯作者：
J. Michálek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Venter;V. Vokolková;J. Michálek
旨在改善贫困社区生计的城市发展和交通政策需要考虑到妇女的特殊需求才能有效。性别角色在空间世界中发挥作用，因此可以预期在城市景观中会有所不同。本文考察了南非一个大城市低收入社区横截面中空间因素（特别是城市内的住宅位置）与男性和女性旅行行为之间的实证关系。一项综合住户调查数据显示，地域对流动的性别经历有显著影响。在较偏远的农村地区，性别差异最大，尽管特定地点的特征，如步行可获得社会服务、非正式工作和小规模农业，有助于减轻妇女不公平的旅行负担。中心地区显示出男性和女性旅行习惯之间的最小差异，这支持了这样一种观念，即位于中心的住房提供的高通道有助于促进满足妇女的日常需求以及她们的战略赋权。城市周边和周边地区的家庭承受着最大的旅行负担，他们既没有中心位置的便利通道，也没有农村环境中改善生计的便利设施。女性承担了很大一部分负担。会议强调了在促进性别平等的同时使城市贫民受益的城市发展战略，包括进一步强调在更靠近周边住宅区的地方提供社会和教育基础设施，并提供更好的行人通道。
Abstract Urban development and transport policies designed to improve the livelihoods of poor communities need to consider the particular needs of women to be effective. Gender roles are played out in a spatial world, and can thus be expected to vary across the urban landscape. The paper examines empirical relationships between spatial factors—in particular residential location within the city—and travel behaviour for men and women in a cross‐section of low‐income communities in a large metropolitan area in South Africa. Data from a comprehensive household survey show that locality has a significant influence on gender experiences of mobility. Gender differences are greatest in more distant, rural localities, although site‐specific characteristics such as walking access to social services, informal work, and small‐scale agriculture help alleviate women’s inequitable travel burdens. Central localities display the smallest differences between men and women’s travel habits, supporting the notion that the high access afforded by centrally located housing helps to promote the satisfaction of women’s daily needs as well as their strategic empowerment. Households in peri‐urban and peripheral localities suffer the highest travel burdens, having neither the high access of a central location nor the livelihoods‐enhancing amenities of a rural environment. Women bear a large part of this burden. Urban development strategies to benefit the urban poor while promoting gender equity are highlighted, including an added emphasis on the provision of social and educational infrastructure within closer proximity to peripheral residential areas, coupled with better pedestrian access.