Social Vulnerability in US Metropolitan Areas: Improvements in Hazard Vulnerability Assessment
Social Vulnerability in US Metropolitan Areas: Improvements in Hazard Vulnerability Assessment
复制标题
美国大都市地区的社会脆弱性：危害脆弱性评估的改进
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Emrich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Emrich
美国大都会地区的社会脆弱性：危险脆弱性评估的改进美国的克里斯托弗·T·埃姆里希大都会地区正变得越来越危险，受到来自自然灾害、技术故障和蓄意恐怖行为的无数威胁。伴随着灾难可能性的增加，居住在那里的居民的脆弱性也出现了类似的上升。这一脆弱性表现为潜在的危害，但它也描述了人和地方无法充分应对危险事件并从中恢复过来。从理论上以场所脆弱性模型为基础，研究了美国坦帕-圣彼得堡两个城市社会脆弱性的空间分布。分析了佛罗里达州的彼得堡和南卡罗来纳州的查尔斯顿。提出了以下研究问题：1)哪些社会经济因素影响城市地区的社会脆弱性？2)建成环境的哪些特征导致城市领域内的不同脆弱性？3)生命线和可获得性的变化导致城市对危险事件的脆弱性更高或更低？代表社会脆弱性三个方面的变量--社会经济、建筑环境和可获得性--被标准化并放在一个未加权的模型中。对自然灾害和灾害领域的专家进行了调查，以确定变量在确定社会脆弱性方面的相对重要性，并使用了这些意见
ABSTRACT Social Vulnerability in United States Metropolitan Areas: Improvements in Hazard Vulnerability Assessment Christopher T. Emrich Metropolitan areas of the United States are becoming more and more hazardous places to live, subject to a myriad of threats from natural hazards, technological failures, and willful terrorist acts. Along with this increasing potential for catastrophe is a similar rise in the vulnerability of the residents who live there. This vulnerability manifests itself as the potential for harm, but it also describes the inability of people and places to adequately respond to and rebound from hazard events. Theoretically based in the Vulnerability of Place Model, the spatial distribution of social vulnerability within two United States cities—Tampa-St. Petersburg, FL and Charleston, SC--was analyzed. The following research questions were posed: 1) What socioeconomic factors influence social vulnerability within urban areas?; 2) What characteristics of the built environment cause differential vulnerability within the urban realm?; and 3) What variations in lifelines and accessibility cause cities to exhibit higher or lower vulnerability to hazard events? Variables representing three facets of social vulnerability -socio-economics, built environment, and accessibility--were standardized and placed in an un-weighted model. Experts in the natural hazards and disaster field were surveyed to determine the relative importance of variables in determining social vulnerability and these opinions were used
影响因子：
5
作者：
UMBERSON, D
通讯作者：
UMBERSON, D