Non-prescription medicines: a process for standards development and testing in community pharmacy
Non-prescription medicines: a process for standards development and testing in community pharmacy
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s11096-007-9086-2
复制
发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
de Almeida Neto, Abilio C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benrimoj, Shalom (Charlie) I.;Gilbert, Andrew;de Almeida Neto, Abilio C.
目的本研究的目的是制定和测试非处方药处理的实践标准。方法在与药房注册机构，主要的专业和消费者群体和选定的社区药剂师协商，制定了资源管理领域的实践标准;专业实践;药房设计和环境;以及客户的权利和需求。这些标准界定和描述了以一致和可衡量的实践水平提供非处方药所需的最低限度专业活动。对七项标准作了说明，并由20项标准进一步界定，其中包括实践指标。该标准在两个州的40个社区药房进行了测试，经过进一步调整后，得到了澳大利亚所有药房注册机构以及澳大利亚主要药房和消费者组织的认可。咨询过程有效地使执业药剂师参与制定标准，使社区药剂师能够履行其立法和专业责任。主要成果措施根据该项目制定的一套处理非处方药的实践标准对社区药店进行了审计。在基线、干预中期和干预后，根据标准对药店进行了审计。社区药剂师和他们的工作人员在这些标准的行为进行衡量伪顾客访问参与药店。结果测试过程表明，社区药房工作人员在管理涉及非处方药的请求方面提供的服务质量有了显着提高。利用假赞助人访问作为一种培训工具，可立即得到反馈，是在实践中实现变革的一种可以接受的有效方法。药房工作人员对假顾客来访的反馈非常积极。结论该方法可有效地提高患者对《标准》的依从性，使其依从率由47.4%提高到70.0%（P < 0.01）。通过该项目，提出了制定和执行国家执行战略的建议。
Objective The objective of the study was to develop and test standards of practice for handling nonprescription medicines. Method In consultation with pharmacy registering authorities, key professional and consumer groups and selected community pharmacists, standards of practice were developed in the areas of Resource Management; Professional Practice; Pharmacy Design and Environment; and Rights and Needs of Customers. These standards defined and described minimum professional activities required in the provision of non-prescription medicines at a consistent and measurable level of practice. Seven standards were described and further defined by 20 criteria, including practice indicators. The Standards were tested in 40 community pharmacies in two States and after further adaptation, endorsed by all Australian pharmacy registering authorities and major Australian pharmacy and consumer organisations. The consultation process effectively engaged practicing pharmacists in developing standards to enable community pharmacists meet their legislative and professional responsibilities. Main outcome measures Community pharmacies were audited against a set of standards of practice for handling non-prescription medicines developed in this project. Pharmacies were audited on the Standards at baseline, mid-intervention and post-intervention. Behavior of community pharmacists and their staff in relation to these standards was measured by conducting pseudo-patron visits to participating pharmacies. Results The testing process demonstrated a significant improvement in the quality of service delivered by staff in community pharmacies in the management of requests involving non-prescription medicines. The use of pseudo-patron visits, as a training tool with immediate feedback, was an acceptable and effective method of achieving changes in practice. Feedback from staff in the pharmacies regarding the pseudo-patron visits was very positive. Conclusion Results demonstrated the methodology employed was effective in increasing overall compliance with the Standards from a rate of 47.4% to 70.0% (P < 0.01). This project led to a recommendation for the development and execution of a national implementation strategy.