Cytokines in Human Milk
Cytokines in Human Milk
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.11.019
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发表时间：
2010-02-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Garofalo, Roberto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garofalo, Roberto
在过去30年中进行的调查母乳保护功能的流行病学研究强烈支持母乳喂养可预防婴儿感染的观点，特别是影响胃肠道和呼吸道的感染。然而，最近的临床和实验观察也表明，人乳不仅提供被动保护，而且可以直接调节受体婴儿的免疫发育。母乳中这种显著的防御系统的研究一直很困难，因为它的生物化学复杂性，某些生物活性成分的浓度小，这些代理商中的一些的区室化，在哺乳期间牛奶的动态定量和定性变化，以及缺乏具体的试剂来量化这些代理商。然而，已经在人乳中鉴定出许多生物活性物质，包括激素、生长因子和免疫因子如细胞因子。细胞因子是多能性多肽，其通过与特异性细胞受体结合以自分泌/旁分泌方式起作用。它们在网络中运作，协调免疫系统的发展和功能。在过去的几年里，在母乳中发现了几种不同的细胞因子和趋化因子，并且该列表正在迅速增长。本文将审查目前的知识越来越复杂的网络的化学引诱剂，激活剂，和抗炎细胞因子存在于人乳和它们的潜在作用，在补偿新生儿免疫系统的发育迟缓。（J Pediatr 2010;156：S36-40）。
Epidemiologic studies conducted in the past 30 years to investigate the protective functions of human milk strongly support the notion that breastfeeding prevents infantile infections, particularly those affecting the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. However, more recent clinical and experimental observations also suggest that human milk not only provides passive protection, but also can directly modulate the immunological development of the recipient infant. The study of this remarkable defense system in human milk has been difficult because of its biochemical complexity, the small concentration of certain bioactive components, the compartmentalization of some of these agents, the dynamic quantitative and qualitative changes of milk during lactation, and the lack of specific reagents to quantify these agents. However, a host of bioactive substances, including hormones, growth factors, and immunological factors such as cytokines, have been identified in human milk. Cytokines are pluripotent polypeptides that act in autocrine/ paracrine fashions by binding to specific cellular receptors. They operate in networks and orchestrate the development and functions of immune system. Several different cytokines and chemokines have been discovered in human milk in the past years, and the list is growing very rapidly. This article will review the current knowledge about the increasingly complex network of chemoattractants, activators, and anti-inflammatory cytokines present in human milk and their potential role in compensating for the developmental delay of the neonate immune system. (J Pediatr 2010;156:S36-40).