Key events and multimodality: a life course approach
Key events and multimodality: a life course approach
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tra.2016.06.028
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发表时间：
2016-09
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
J. Scheiner;K. Chatterjee;E. Heinen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Scheiner;K. Chatterjee;E. Heinen
由于在发达国家，绝大多数家庭都有一辆或多辆汽车，鼓励多式联运出行已成为许多城市的目标。多式联运是指在一段时间内使用一种以上的运输方式。虽然已经从横断面数据中确定了多模式的相关性，但人们对随着时间的推移个体变得或多或少的多模式的情况知之甚少。这是第一篇完全采用流动性传记的方法来研究多通道随时间在个体水平上的变化的论文。在七天的时间内，使用四个连续的模式使用指标来衡量多模式：最常用模式(主要模式)在TRIPS中的份额、Herfindahl-Hirschman指数、Shannon‘s熵和使用的模式数量。本文使用的是1994-2012年期间的德国机动小组(GMP)。结果表明，所研究的一些生活事件与多通道的变化显著相关。具体地说，孩子搬出家庭会增加父母的多面性。离开劳动力市场会增加多态，而进入劳动力市场则会减少多态。汽车通行证和驾照持有量的变化也产生了重大影响。社区公共交通系统的改善增加了多式联运，反之亦然。停车位可用性的减少也增加了多式联运。后两项研究结果支持“胡萝卜加大棒”的交通政策，以创造更均衡地使用交通工具的方法。
Since the large majority of households have access to one or more cars in the developed world, encouraging multimodal travel behaviours has become a goal for many cities. Multimodality refers to the use of more than one transport mode within a given period of time. While correlates of multimodality have been identified from cross-sectional data, there is very little known about the circumstances over time in which individuals become more or less multimodal. This paper is the first to fully adopt the mobility biography approach to study changes in multimodality over time at the individual level. Multimodality is measured using four continuous indicators of mode use in a seven-day period: the share in trips made by the most commonly used mode (primary mode), the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, Shannon’s entropy, and the number of modes used. The paper uses the German Mobility Panel (GMP) for the period 1994–2012. The results demonstrate that some of the life course events studied are significantly associated with changes in multimodality. Specifically, a child moving out of the household increases the multimodality of parents. Leaving the labour market increases multimodality, while entering the labour market conversely reduces multimodality. Changes in car access and driver licence holding have significant effects as well. An improvement to the public transport system in the neighbourhood increases multimodality, and vice versa. Reduced parking space availability also increases multimodality. The latter two findings endorse ‘carrot and stick’ transport policies as means of creating a more balanced use of transport modes.