REDUCING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF E-WASTE RECOVERY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES THROUGH TECHNOLOGY AND POLICY
REDUCING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF E-WASTE RECOVERY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES THROUGH TECHNOLOGY AND POLICY
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通过技术和政策减少发展中国家电子废物回收的环境和社会影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Sutherland
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. L. Rickli;Ab Clarke;Karl R. Haapala;M. Addo;J. Camelio;J. Sutherland
在过去的半个世纪里，快速的经济发展和技术进步提高了世界上许多国家的生活质量和生活水平。与此同时，消费品的生产、消费和处置的速度在发达国家加速，在一些工业化国家更小程度上是不可持续的。全球经济依赖发展中国家的劳动力和自然资源基础，带动了这些地区的经济发展，但代价是环境破坏和社会变革。在过去的几十年里，包括计算机、手机、媒体播放器和电视在内的电子产品的处置数量急剧增加，与传统制成品相比，所有这些产品的生命周期都缩短了。发展中国家的居民已经认识到从消费电子垃圾中回收材料的经济机会，但基础设施、工人安全、环境退化和适当的政策倡议是令人严重关切的问题。鉴于这些关切，回收和处理电子垃圾需要先进的技术和安全做法，以提供一条经济发展的道路，同时减少对环境的影响和社会关切。发展中国家电子废物回收方案的成功有赖于建立可行的再制造物流和基础设施，以及制定国内外电子废物政策。讨论了与电子垃圾有关的适当的逆向物流方法、产品处理和发展影响。此外，还探讨了生产者延伸责任(EPR)，以此作为发展中国家制定电子废物政策的基础。从生命周期的角度来看，这一办法将有助于改善废旧电子产品和电气设备的可持续性。
Rapid economic development and technological progress in the past half century has increased the quality of life and standard of living in many nations around the world. At the same time, the volume of production, consumption, and disposal of consumer goods has accelerated to a rate in developed countries, and to a lesser degree in some industrializing countries, that is unsustainable. The global economy relies on the labor and natural resource base of developing countries, leading to economic development in those regions, but at the cost of environmental damage and social change. The past several decades have seen a dramatic increase in the disposal of electronics including computers, cell phones, media players, and televisions, all of which have shortened their life cycles compared to traditional manufactured goods. Inhabitants of developing countries have recognized an economic opportunity in the recovery of materials from consumer e-waste, but infrastructure, worker safety, environmental degradation, and appropriate policy initiatives are substantial concerns. Given these concerns, advanced technologies and safe practices are needed for the recovery and treatment of e-waste to provide a path toward economic development while reducing environmental impacts and social concerns. Success of e-waste recovery programs in developing countries relies on creating viable remanufacturing logistics and infrastructures, and the formulation of domestic and foreign e-waste policies. Appropriate reverse logistical methods, product treatment, and development impacts with regard to e-waste are discussed. In addition, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is explored as a basis to formulate e-waste policies in developing countries. This approach will aid in the improvement of the sustainability of waste electronics and electrical equipment from a life cycle perspective.