A functional overview of conservation biological control
A functional overview of conservation biological control
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cropro.2016.11.008
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发表时间：
2017-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Birch, A. Nicholas E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Begg, Graham S.;Cook, Samantha M.;Birch, A. Nicholas E.
保护性生物防治（CBC）是一种可持续的有害生物管理方法，可作为有害生物综合管理（IPM）战略的一部分，有助于减少农药的使用。CBC的前提是，应对集约化作物生产带来的栖息地丧失和环境干扰将保护天敌，从而有助于害虫抑制。由于采取了多种保护措施，包括植物和生境多样化、减少种植强度和增加景观复杂性，天敌的丰度和多样性得以增加。然而，天敌种群对保护措施的反应并不一致；它往往不能转化为抑制害虫或提高作物产量，而且很少用于商业作物生产环境。CBC是一项复杂的战略，利用了许多生态和行为过程，在多个尺度上运作，并由管理行动介导，这些行动可能针对广泛的有害生物。鉴于这种内在的复杂性，对全血细胞计数的科学理解是不完整的，或者设计和采用可靠的全血细胞计数处方被证明是难以捉摸的，这并不奇怪。为了解决这个问题，我们使用一个简单的概念模型来巩固CBC的现有知识，该模型将CBC的功能元素组织到一个共同的、统一的框架中。我们确定并整合了影响天敌及其生物控制功能的关键生物过程，并考虑了决定CBC策略结果的相互作用、相互依赖和约束。保育措施在支援天敌种群方面往往有效，但不能保证成功；发展有效CBC的最大限制是由于未能充分指导生物防治服务以实现对目标害虫的抑制。通过在一个综合系统的背景下考虑CBC的这些和其他组成部分的性能，我们相信可以确定并消除限制因素，从而实施有效的CBC策略。(C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Conservation biological control (CBC) is a sustainable approach to pest management that can contribute to a reduction in pesticide use as part of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy. CBC is based on the premise that countering habitat loss and environmental disturbance associated with intensive crop production will conserve natural enemies, thus contributing to pest suppression. The abundance and diversity of natural enemies increases in response to a variety of conservation measures, including plant and habitat diversification, a reduction in cropping intensity, and increased landscape complexity. However, the response of natural enemy populations to conservation measures is not consistent; often it fails to translate into pest suppression or improved crop yield, and is seldom utilised in commercial crop production settings. CBC is a complex strategy drawing on a number of ecological and behavioural processes, operating at multiple scales, and mediated by management actions that are, potentially, targeted at a wide range of pest organisms. Given this inherent complexity, it is not surprising that the scientific understanding of CBC is incomplete, or that the design and adoption of reliable CBC prescriptions have proved elusive. To tackle this, we consolidate existing knowledge of CBC using a simple conceptual model that organises the functional elements of CBC into a common, unifying framework. We identify and integrate the key biological processes affecting natural enemies and their biological control function across local and regional scales, and consider the interactions, interdependencies and constraints that determine the outcome of CBC strategies. Conservation measures are often effective in supporting natural enemy populations but their success cannot be guaranteed; the greatest limitation to the development of effective CBC is due to a failure to adequately direct biological control services to achieve suppression of the target pests. By considering the performance of these and other components of CBC within the context of an integrated system, we believe that the limiting factors can be identified, and removed, allowing effective CBC strategies to be implemented. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.