The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment.
The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment.
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一般相对论与实验之间的对抗。
DOI：
10.12942/lrr-2006-3
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
40.6
通讯作者：
Will CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Will CM
本文综述了广义相对论的实验检验和分析它们的理论框架的现状。爱因斯坦的等效原理（EEP）得到了很多实验的支持，如厄特沃什实验、狭义相对论的检验和引力红移实验。正在进行的EEP和平方反比定律的测试正在寻找统一或量子引力产生的新相互作用。广义相对论在后牛顿水平上的检验已经达到了很高的精度，包括光偏转、夏皮罗时间延迟、水星近日点推进和月球运动中的诺德维特效应。利用赫尔斯-泰勒脉冲双星系统，引力波阻尼的量与广义相对论一致，超过0.5%，其他脉冲双星系统也进行了其他测试，特别是强场效应。当对来自天体物理源的引力辐射的直接观测开始时，对广义相对论的新检验将成为可能。
The status of experimental tests of general relativity and of theoretical frameworks for analyzing them is reviewed. Einstein’s equivalence principle (EEP) is well supported by experiments such as the Eötvös experiment, tests of special relativity, and the gravitational redshift experiment. Ongoing tests of EEP and of the inverse square law are searching for new interactions arising from unification or quantum gravity. Tests of general relativity at the post-Newtonian level have reached high precision, including the light deflection, the Shapiro time delay, the perihelion advance of Mercury, and the Nordtvedt effect in lunar motion. Gravitational wave damping has been detected in an amount that agrees with general relativity to better than half a percent using the Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar, and other binary pulsar systems have yielded other tests, especially of strong-field effects. When direct observation of gravitational radiation from astrophysical sources begins, new tests of general relativity will be possible.