The terrestrial carbon budget of South and Southeast Asia
The terrestrial carbon budget of South and Southeast Asia
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DOI：
10.1088/1748-9326/11/10/105006
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Zeng, Ning
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cervarich, Matthew;Shu, Shijie;Zeng, Ning
要实现当前气候政策的目标，就需要通过比较和协调多种估计，包括自上而下的大气二氧化碳（CO2）反演和自下而上的动态全球植被模型的观测和结果，确定地球仪每个区域和国家的碳预算和通量估计。基于此，本研究综合了南亚（SA）、东南亚（SEA）、南亚和东南亚（SSEA = SA + SEA）以及这些地区每个国家的净生态系统生产力（NEP）、土地覆被/土地利用变化（E-LUC）、火灾和化石燃烧（E-FIRE）的碳源/汇。根据自下而上的模型计算的陆地净生物群落生产力（NBP = NEP-E-LUC- E-FIRE）与基于GFED 4s数据的E-FIRE相结合，表明SA、SEA和SSEA的净碳汇分别为217 +/- 147、10 +/- 55和227 +/- 279 TgC yr（-1）。自上而下的模型估计NBP净碳汇分别为20 +/- 170、4 +/- 90和24 +/- 180 TgC yr（-1）。相比之下，化石燃料燃烧产生的区域排放量分别为495、275和770 TgC yr（-1），比NBP汇估计高出许多倍，这表明化石燃料排放对SSEA碳预算的贡献导致了2000年代的显著净碳源。当考虑到该区域内各个国家的NBP和化石燃料排放时，不丹和老挝是净碳汇，其他国家在2000年代是净碳源。每个通量（NBP，NEP，ELUC，和EFIRE，化石燃料排放）的相对贡献，一个国家的净碳通量变化很大，从国家到国家，这表明在整个SSEA国家一级的异质性占主导地位的碳通量。
Accomplishing the objective of the current climate policies will require establishing carbon budget and flux estimates in each region and county of the globe by comparing and reconciling multiple estimates including the observations and the results of top-down atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) inversions and bottom-up dynamic global vegetation models. With this in view, this study synthesizes the carbon source/sink due to net ecosystem productivity (NEP), land cover land use change (E-LUC), fires and fossil burning (E-FIRE) for the South Asia (SA), Southeast Asia (SEA) and South and Southeast Asia (SSEA = SA + SEA) and each country in these regions using the multiple top-down and bottom-up modeling results. The terrestrial net biome productivity (NBP = NEP - E-LUC - E-FIRE) calculated based on bottom-up models in combination with E-FIRE based on GFED4s data show net carbon sinks of 217 +/- 147, 10 +/- 55, and 227 +/- 279 TgC yr(-1) for SA, SEA, and SSEA. The top-down models estimated NBP net carbon sinks were 20 +/- 170, 4 +/- 90 and 24 +/- 180 TgC yr(-1). In comparison, regional emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels were 495, 275, and 770 TgC yr(-1), which are many times higher than the NBP sink estimates, suggesting that the contribution of the fossil fuel emissions to the carbon budget of SSEA results in a significant net carbon source during the 2000s. When considering both NBP and fossil fuel emissions for the individual countries within the regions, Bhutan and Laos were net carbon sinks and rest of the countries were net carbon source during the 2000s. The relative contributions of each of the fluxes (NBP, NEP, ELUC, and EFIRE, fossil fuel emissions) to a nation's net carbon flux varied greatly from country to country, suggesting a heterogeneous dominant carbon fluxes on the country-level throughout SSEA.