Cognitive biases and auditory verbal hallucinations in healthy and clinical individuals
Cognitive biases and auditory verbal hallucinations in healthy and clinical individuals
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291713000275
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Peters, E. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daalman, K.;Sommer, I. E. C.;Peters, E. R.
背景一些认知偏差与精神病症状有关，包括听觉语言幻觉（AVH）。目前还不清楚这些偏见是否在有和没有“需要照顾”的声音听众中有所不同。法共有72名健康对照，72名健康的声音听力和72名临床的声音听力进行了比较的精神病认知偏差问卷（CBQP），评估“意向化”，“跳到结论”，“灾难”，“二分法思维”和“情绪推理”的两个主题，“威胁事件”和“异常感知”的小插曲。结果健康的声音听力者在对照组和临床组之间的总CBQp得分居中，与两者显著不同。然而，在五分之四的偏差上，健康的听音者的分数与健康对照者的分数相当。唯一的例外是“情感推理”，他们的分数与临床组相当。健康的声音听众表现出较少的偏见比精神病患者的“威胁事件”，但不是“异常感知”，小插曲。CBQp分数与认知和情感有关，但与声音的物理特征无关。结论.大多数认知偏见普遍存在于临床的声音听众，特别是与威胁性事件的主题，是不存在的健康的声音听众，除了情绪推理，这可能是具体相关的脆弱性，以发展AVH。偏见之间的关联和信念的声音和痛苦/情绪效价是一致的情感和精神病的认知模型确定的精神病现象之间的密切联系。推理偏差的缺乏可能会防止对异常经历的威胁性评价的形成，从而减少痛苦和“需要照顾”的可能性。
Background. Several cognitive biases are related to psychotic symptoms, including auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). It remains unclear whether these biases differ in voice-hearers with and without a 'need-for-care'. Method. A total of 72 healthy controls, 72 healthy voice-hearers and 72 clinical voice-hearers were compared on the Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for psychosis (CBQp), which assesses 'intentionalizing', ' jumping to conclusions', 'catastrophizing', 'dichotomous thinking' and 'emotional reasoning' in vignettes characterized by two themes, 'threatening events' and ` anomalous perceptions'. Results. Healthy voice-hearers scored intermediately on total CBQp between the control and clinical groups, differing significantly from both. However, on four out of five biases the scores of the healthy voice-hearers were comparable with those of the healthy controls. The only exception was 'emotional reasoning', on which their scores were comparable with the clinical group. Healthy voice-hearers demonstrated fewer biases than the psychotic patients on the ` threatening events', but not the 'anomalous perceptions', vignettes. CBQp scores were related to both cognitive and emotional, but not physical, characteristics of voices. Conclusions. Most cognitive biases prevalent in clinical voice-hearers, particularly with threatening events themes, are absent in healthy voice-hearers, apart from emotional reasoning which may be specifically related to the vulnerability to develop AVH. The association between biases and both beliefs about voices and distress/ emotional valence is consistent with the close links between emotions and psychotic phenomena identified by cognitive models of psychosis. The absence of reasoning biases might prevent the formation of threatening appraisals about anomalous experiences, thereby reducing the likelihood of distress and 'need for care'.