Learning from informal markets: Innovative approaches to land and housing provision
Learning from informal markets: Innovative approaches to land and housing provision
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DOI：
10.1080/09614520120056423
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发表时间：
2001-05
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Erhard Berner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erhard Berner
低于标准和不安全的住房条件被认为是城市贫困的一个重要方面。在发展中国家的大多数大城市，正规市场只为少数人口服务。据估计，30%至70%的人居住在“非正规”住区，多达85%的新住房是以非法方式建造的，造成了严重的社会和环境后果。约翰·特纳的开创性工作和1976年的第一次人居会议标志着一种模式的转变，即采取一种扶持性和参与性的办法来提供住房。然而，在将新模式转化为切实可行的可持续政策方面进展甚微。重新安置计划、社会住房、贫民窟改造以及场地和服务都受到两个相关问题的困扰：第一，它们的规模太小，无法满足日益增长的需求;第二，产品太贵，低收入群体负担不起。该文件指出，非正规经济部门逐步发展和改善住房和基础设施的战略可以纳入公共政策，并介绍了菲律宾和巴基斯坦在这方面的最佳做法。
Substandard and insecure housing conditions are recognised as a crucial aspect of urban poverty. In most large cities in the developing world, the formal market serves only a minority of the population. It is estimated that between 30 and 70 per cent live in 'irregular' settlements, and that up to 85 per cent of the new housing stock is produced in an extra-legal manner, with severe social and environmental consequences. John Turner's groundbreaking work and the first Habitat conference in 1976 marked a paradigm shift towards an enabling and participatory approach to housing provision. However, little progress has been made in translating the new paradigm into practical and sustainable policies. Relocation schemes, social housing, slum upgrading, and sites and services are beset by two related problems: first, they are far too small scale to serve the growing demand and, second, products are far too expensive to be affordable for low-income groups. The paper states that the informal sector's strategy of incremental development and improvement of housing and infrastructure can be incorporated into public policies, and introduces cases from the Philippines and Pakistan as best practices in this direction.