Cholinergic, But Not Dopaminergic or Noradrenergic, Enhancement Sharpens Visual Spatial Perception in Humans
Cholinergic, But Not Dopaminergic or Noradrenergic, Enhancement Sharpens Visual Spatial Perception in Humans
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2405-16.2017
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发表时间：
2017-04-19
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Silver, Michael A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gratton, Caterina;Yousef, Sahar;Silver, Michael A.
神经调节剂乙酰胆碱通过改变产生神经元感受野的输入平衡来调节视觉皮层的空间整合。这些胆碱能效应可能提供了视觉空间注意力调节视觉表征的神经生物学机制。然而，胆碱能增强对人类视觉空间感知的影响尚不清楚。我们进行了两项实验来测试增强胆碱能信号是否选择性地改变人类受试者视觉空间相互作用的感知测量。在实验 1 中，一项双盲安慰剂对照药理学研究，我们测量了侧翼干扰物如何影响外围目标的小对比度衰减的检测，作为目标侧翼距离的函数。我们发现胆碱酯酶抑制剂多奈哌齐的胆碱能增强改善了目标检测，模型表明这主要是由于促进感知空间相互作用的范围缩小所致。在实验 2 中，我们测试了这些效应是否对胆碱能系统具有选择性，或者在相关神经调节剂多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素增强后也会观察到。与胆碱能增强不同，多巴胺（溴隐亭）和去甲肾上腺素（胍法辛）操作不会提高表现或系统地改变目标和干扰物之间感知相互作用的空间轮廓。这些发现揭示了胆碱能信号影响感知中视觉空间相互作用的机制，并改善了干扰物中视觉目标的处理，其效果与空间选择性注意的效果非常相似。
The neuromodulator acetylcholine modulates spatial integration in visual cortex by altering the balance of inputs that generate neuronal receptive fields. These cholinergic effects may provide a neurobiological mechanism underlying the modulation of visual representations by visual spatial attention. However, the consequences of cholinergic enhancement on visuospatial perception in humans are unknown. We conducted two experiments to test whether enhancing cholinergic signaling selectively alters perceptual measures of visuospatial interactions in human subjects. In Experiment 1, a double-blind placebo-controlled pharmacology study, we measured how flanking distractors influenced detection of a small contrast decrement of a peripheral target, as a function of target-flanker distance. We found that cholinergic enhancement with the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil improved target detection, and modeling suggested that this was mainly due to a narrowing of the extent of facilitatory perceptual spatial interactions. In Experiment 2, we tested whether these effects were selective to the cholinergic system or would also be observed following enhancements of related neuromodulators dopamine or norepinephrine. Unlike cholinergic enhancement, dopamine (bromocriptine) and norepinephrine (guanfacine) manipulations did not improve performance or systematically alter the spatial profile of perceptual interactions between targets and distractors. These findings reveal mechanisms by which cholinergic signaling influences visual spatial interactions in perception and improves processing of a visual target among distractors, effects that are notably similar to those of spatial selective attention.